Condiciones de trabajo y salud en entrenadores deportivos de Bucaramanga y su Área Metropolitana

Abstract

Based on the importance of investigating the context of occupational health and safety (OSH) in sports trainers, the legal support given by the Colombian State through Decree 1072 of 2015 was taken to identify them. To determine the working and health conditions of sports coaches in Bucaramanga and its metropolitan area. This thesis applies an analytical cross-sectional study in 75 sports coaches (62 men, 13 women), between 18 and 60 years old from Bucaramanga. The TYSED questionnaire was used for data collection. The analysis of the data is descriptive, the results are presented consolidated and disaggregated by sex. The frequencies are described in absolute and percentage values. Additionally, the statistical test X2 of homogeneity was applied to compare if there are statistically significant differences between the sex of the trainers and their life habits, self-perception of mental health and felt morbidity. The significance level for each variable was set at p < 0.05. The study was applied to a population of coaches. The 60% stated to have a bachelor’s degree and 20% stated to have a graduated degree. Furthermore, 53.33% of the population works in Bucaramanga in team sports, and 48% works in the physical conditioning sector. Additionally, 44% of the participants consume alcoholic beverages, 16% do not engage in physical activity at least three times a week and 9.33% of the population smoke. Regarding OSH, some of the results are showed in the following percentages: 26.70% did not receive training; 24% are unaware of workplace OSH policies, 30.70% have no responsibility assigned in OSH, 32% do not have mandatory medical exams and 37.30% have a type of contract for the provision of services. Moreover, based on self-perception of mental health, 16% of the population suffer from insomnia and 14.70% from situations of irritability. Regarding, felt morbidity, 24% of the coaches has the highest prevalence of ailments is in the upper extremities, and 20% in lower extremities. As far as medical diagnoses are concerned, 12% of the coaches have musculoskeletal system diseases, and 10.70% of the population has skin diseases. Finally, the risk factors for each variable showed that 48,39% of men and 46,15% of women have at least one risk factor associated with healthy lifestyle habits, 20,97% of men and 15,38% of women reported a mental health problem, and 14,52% of men and 30,77% of women reported some kind of muscle discomfort. Comparing risk factor frequencies between men and women, no statistically significant differences were found (p > 0.05). Conclusions: The work environment related to OSH in sports coaches includes pathologies due to behavioral risk factors, Burnout syndrome, coronary events, poor postural hygiene, sun exposure and environmental factors. It highlights the culture of self-care, which can be strengthened with training, preventive and sensitive strategies.