Incidencia del gasto público en educación sobre el crecimiento económico de los países de América Latina 1990-2017

Abstract

Studies on the influence that education has on economic growth within the framework of an endogenous theory for Latin America in recent years have not presented sufficient progress, therefore, this project aims to understand the impact that public spending on Education has caused on the economic growth of Latin American countries during the period 1990-2017, the analysis of the variables of economic growth, public spending on education, and their relationship with social variables, including the human development index. and the number of enrolled in the different levels of education and economics as the components of aggregate demand, will be fundamental for the explanation of the factors and magnitudes in which the public spending made by the countries of the region affects the productive growth of their economies. , for this a theoretical line was established defining the possible existence of a marginal po positive and decreasing between the expenditure on human capital by governments and the economic growth evident in Latin America between 1990 and 2017, this relationship is supported by four main variables that explain economic growth, an endogenous variable which is expressed as Yt-1, the capital stock from the Permanent Inventory Method methodology, the labor force through the economically active population and public spending on education as explanatory variables. The support of the aforementioned incidence will be done under the theory of Robert Barro 1990, explaining endogenous economic growth, analyzing the variables described above in a panel type econometric model using cross-sectional frequency data to reveal the relationship and level of correlation between the variables, and longitudinal section explaining the period between 1990-2017 by means of the method Generalized of GMM Moments in the Arellano-Bond dynamic panel-data estimation or Arellano-Bover / Blundell-Bond model. Its main conclusion explains the economic growth due to public spending in which each nation invests in education, but not before making a detailed explanation of each of the variables that also explain it as the labor force, its endogenous variable, and the capital stock. , where he makes a relevant contribution to the literature on its endogenous incidence in Latin America between the period covered.