Reflexiones críticas de la reforma rural en Colombia: Lineamientos estructurales para la Reforma Rural Integral con enfoques ecocéntrico y económico-ambiental para la obtención de una política rural sostenible en el sistema colombiano.

Abstract

For the construction of peace, the Havana Agreement establishes, in its first point, Towards a New Colombian Countryside: Comprehensive Rural Reform, the guidelines, methodologies, and objectives that constitute the fundamental pillars for achieving a comprehensive rural reform that fosters the overcoming of historical gaps that generate inequality and enables the proper development of the countryside as a space of wealth for the rural population. This doctoral research addresses the first point of the Comprehensive Rural Reform, with the purpose of outlining its main epistemic orientations. In addition, it analyzes the institutions involved in the rural context, which include the subject of special rural protection and the relationship between land, environment, and production. In this context, at least four pillars are identified which, since the 1970s, have been present in the different phases of reforms in Colombia, although from diverse perspectives. In this way, the study contributes to the reconstruction of conceptual references regarding rural property and the Colombian rural regime, integrating relevant theories that promote a better understanding of the legal framework and that may offer more appropriate pathways for effective responses in rural policy. The work is organized into four chapters within a qualitative paradigm supported by a multiple-method approach, applied in relation to each chapter: thus, the first uses the historical-analytical method; the second, the normative-dogmatic method; the third, the explanatory-critical method; and finally, the fourth, the propositional-empirical method. Within a framework of practical holism, the study seeks to address the reasons for examining the first point of the Peace Agreement. Subsequently, the conclusions will support the main findings obtained from this multimodal research, ultimately structuring three approaches: eco-centric perspectives of constitutional property, the economic-ecological function of constitutional property, aimed at guiding proposals for frameworks toward a broad and comprehensive understanding of property, the peasantry, and land use within land governance for comprehensive rural reform.