Cantidad de níquel en saliva en personas con brackets metálicos, cerámicos y minitubos vinculadas con las clínicas de ortodoncia de la Universidad Santo Tomás y un consultorio privado en Bucaramanga

Abstract

Nickel alloys are present in a wide variety of appliances used in orthodontics. Biodegradation of these devices occurs during the course of treatment and small amounts of physical cells, including nickel (Ni) released into the oral cavity. It is considered a inductor metal of cytotoxicity, mutagenic changes and allergy in patients. Objective Determine the amount of nickel in saliva in the oral cavity of patients treated with fixed metallic orthodontic appliances, ceramics and minitubes in the Orthodontic Clinics of the Santo Tomás University and a private practice in Bucaramanga, in the year 2017. Materials and methods A quasi experimental study was conducted in 12 individuals in order to obtain 36 saliva samples taken before the placement of the metallic fixed orthodontic appliances, ceramics and minitubes, fifteen days and one month after an active treatment. Sociodemographic characteristics were taken into account, such as the age and sex of the participants, socioeconomic stratum, consumption of some foods, type and brand of intraoral appliances; exposure time and concentration of nickel obtained with the atomic absorption spectrophotometer in graphite furnace in units of μg Ni / L. The analysis of the data was carried out using the statistical package GraphPad Prism version 6.00 accompanied by Microsoft Excel® version 15.38. The population data were subjected to descriptive statistics and the nickel measurements in saliva were subjected to one and two way analysis of variance (one-way and two-way ANOVA) for paired data, followed by Tukey post hoc for multiple comparisons prior determination of its normal distribution (through the D'Agostino & Pearson, Shapiro-Wilk and Kolmogorov-Smirnov tests). For puntual group comparisons t-student analysis was used. Results When performing the association of exposure time with nickel concentration in saliva, it was observed that before the cementation of the brackets (t0) the nickel average was 1.50 μg Ni / L, after 15 days of cementation (t1) the average was 7.80 μg Ni / L, while 30 days after cementation (t2) the average corresponded to 4.15 μg Ni / L. A two-way ANOVA analysis was performed, obtaining a strong interaction between the nickel concentration and the treatment time (p = 0.0006), but not in the type of appliance (p = 0.1039). In relation to the diet it was observed that apparently the levels of the metal are not affected by the consumption of some foods. However, only a small tendency was confirmed in the reduction of nickel levels in participants who reported not consuming coffee (P = 0.0625). Conclusions The treatment time was statistically significant in relation to the concentration of nickel in the subjects with fixed orthodontic appliances, independently of variables such as type of bracket, sex, age, socioeconomic stratum and diet.