Especialización Ortodoncia

URI permanente para esta colecciónhttp://hdl.handle.net/11634/218

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Hábitos alimenticios en estudiantes de posgrado de la facultad de odontología en la universidad Santo Tomás seccional Bucaramanga
(Universidad Santo Tomás, 2025-08-12) Rojas Herrera, Miller Ricardo; Tapias Gomez, José Abrahan; Patiño Pires, Joselyne Alejandra; Galvis Pérez, Paula Andrea; Rueda Martínez, Gabriela; Castellanos Domínguez, Yenny Zulay
Introduction: Postgraduate students face challenges that impact their eating habits, such as stress, lack of time, and academic pressure. A healthy diet is key to preventing malnutrition and non-communicable diseases. Objective: To determine the dietary profile and identify factors influencing the food choices of postgraduate dental residents at Santo Tomás University during 2024. Materials and Methods: Analytical observational cross-sectional study involving 76 students selected through stratified sampling. Data were collected using a validated questionnaire that evaluates eating habits on a Likert scale, considering variables such as socioeconomic status, semester, and physical activity level. Results: 57.9% of participants were single women, and 59.2% belonged to a middle socioeconomic stratum. There was low concern about the caloric content of foods and infrequent reading of nutrition labels. Emotional eating predominated in 70% of cases, where participants ate due to anxiety or boredom, mainly fast food. Although a high proportion reported daily vegetable intake, the consumption of fruits, fish, and legumes was insufficient. Only a minority complied with the recommended four meals per day, and few ate slowly or avoided unnecessary foods. A significant sedentary pattern was identified, with 41.3% sitting between 7 and 9 hours per day and 30.3% not engaging in regular physical activity. The overall score indicated barely sufficient eating habits. The most critical dimension was sedentary behavior. Conclusions: A pattern of emotional eating, sedentary lifestyle, and low adherence to nutritional recommendations was evident, justifying the design of targeted strategies to improve the dietary health of this population.
Efecto de los Fármacos para el control de hipertensión y diabetes tipo II el el movimiento dental: una revisión sistémica
(Universidad Santo Tomás, 2025-08-12) Agudelo Solano, María José; Delgado Jaimes, Ronald Yair; Estupiñan Alarcón, Jhon Alexander; Vivas Flórez, Jairo Alberto; Jarpa Remaggi, Patricio Javier; Castellanos Domínguez, Yeny Zulay
Introduction:The prevalence of diabetes and hypertension poses challenges in orthodontics due to the potential alteration of orthodontic tooth movement (OTM) by medications used for their control. The need for a comprehensive understanding of this interaction and the limitations in conducting a primary study motivated the completion of a systematic review. Objective: To identify the effect of medications for hypertension and diabetes on orthodontic tooth movement, based on evidence published over the last ten years. Materials and Methods: A systematic review was conducted following the PRISMA methodology. Articles published between 2014 and 2024 were searched across five databases, managed with Mendeley, and selected in two blinded stages by reviewers—first by title/abstract and then by full text (using Rayyan). Methodological quality was assessed using the JBI tool. The research was classified as risk-free, respecting intellectual property in accordance with Law 1915 of 2018 and Law 1032 of 2006. Results: Out of 1,834 articles, 10 studies were included (60% from Google Scholar, 100% in English, 40% from Japan). The studies, with experimental durations ranging from 3 to 21 days, mainly analyzed drugs for diabetes (60%) and hypertension (40%). In diabetes, the uncontrolled condition increased OTM, while insulin, metformin, IGF-1, exendin-4, and AMP-activated protein kinase tended to normalize it; linagliptin inhibited it. In hypertension, captopril increased OTM, while losartan (after 12 days), butoxamine, and propranolol reduced it. Conclusion: In diabetic patients, insulin, metformin, IGF-1, and exendin-4 promote OTM, while linagliptin inhibits it. In hypertensive patients, captopril increases OTM, whereas losartan, propranolol, and butoxamine decrease it. However, clinical studies in humans are essential to confirm how these medications affect orthodontic treatment in patients with comorbidities, thereby enabling the establishment of reliable clinical practice guidelines.
Estrategias de marketing para promover los servicios de ortodoncia en las clínicas de la Universidad Santo Tomás
(Universidad Santo Tomás, 2025-08-12) Mantilla Mejia, Leidy Vanessa; Méndez Archila, María Paula; Olarte Escobar, Hernán; Tavera Cuellar, Cristina Ivonne
The clinical practice of orthodontics requires the participation of people willing to provide timely care for adequate treatment follow-up. A steady flow of patients is required, and this necessitates an attractive plan to recruit new patients. Objective. To design a strategic marketing plan to promote orthodontic services at the clinics of the Santo Tomás University, Bucaramanga branch, during 2024. Methods. A cross-sectional, descriptive, observational study included the administration of a structured questionnaire to university teaching and administrative staff with contracts valid for 2024-2022. Based on the responses, a SWOT matrix was constructed to identify the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats of the dental clinics. Results. A total of 210 participants were included in the study: 56.7% women, 42.4% from lower-middle socioeconomic status, and 54.8% working in the administrative field. Among the factors limiting service demand are a lack of trust, lack of awareness of the treatment's value, and insufficient institutional promotion. The designed strategies aim to improve perceptions of the service, increase visibility in digital media, and encourage active participation among potential users. Conclusion: The implementation of a strategic marketing plan, adapted to the institution's internal and external conditions, allows for increased patient recruitment and contributes to the university's position as a provider of quality healthcare services. It also promotes coordination between academic objectives and the needs of the university community.
Intervención temprana como tratamiento preventivo en pacientes con maloclusión clase III. Una revisión sistemática
(Universidad Santo Tomás, 2024-08-22) Torrado Alquichire, Camilo Andrés; Luna Velasco, Eliana; Garcia Carreño, Oscar Leandro; López Romero, Luis Alberto
Introduction: Class III skeletal relationship affects between 5% and 15% of the population. Two main issues surrounding the treatment of this type of malocclusion are the appropriate time to intervene and the type of appliance to use. Objective: To evaluate the treatment of choice for skeletal class III patients between 6 and 11 years of age. Methodology: Systematic review in the following databases: PudMed, Embase, Cochrane, BVS, Science direct, Springer link, Google academic, clinical and pseudo-experimental trials on early treatment of class III malocclusion were included. Screening and full text selection was performed in duplicate. Data extraction was performed in an Excel matrix. Quality was assessed using the Joanna Briggs Institute. Results: 20 articles were included, published most frequently in Turkey, Italy and China, and 40% (n=8) were pseudo-experimental. 75% (15/20) reported rapid palatal expansion with maxillary protraction. It was evident that all braces used between the ages of 6 to 11 years were shown to be effective in the short term, with treatment time ranging from 6 months to 2 years. Conclusions: Braces significantly improve malocclusion in growing patients in the short term. The appliance of choice for the treatment of skeletal class III was the rapid palatal expansion with maxillary protraction, with a treatment time of 6 months to 2 years or until a positive overjet was obtained.
Efecto Bauschinger en ortodoncia. Revisión rápida sistemática de literatura
(Universidad Santo Tomás, 2024-07-31) Zolaque Mateus, Diana Katherine; Garcia Costa, Moises Eduardo; Polonia Garcia, Maximo Alcibiades; Villareal Assaf, Maria Paula
Introduction: The Bauschinger effect is crucial in the plastic deformation of metals and it is essential to consider its impact for an effective application of this property in the manipulation of dental materials. Objective: To determine the available scientific evidence on the Bauschinger effect in orthodontics using bibliographic sources such as articles, books, reviews, and theses. Methodology: A rapid systematic literature review was conducted. Studies on the Bauschinger effect in orthodontics published in all languages in materials science and engineering in different indexed journals, orthodontic databases, and other repositories were included, as well as snowball searching. A qualitative synthesis of information was conducted, and the quality was evaluated using the Critical Appraisal Tool from CEBM. Results: Six articles were included, most of which were published in the United States (66.66%, n=4), and only 2 (33.33%) specifically addressed the effect in orthodontics. Research on the Bauschinger effect in orthodontics is limited and not as widely documented as in other fields of engineering and materials science. In the study published in Australia, the authors highlighted the relevance of the Bauschinger effect in 0.016-inch stainless steel wires as a significant factor in plastic deformation and cyclic stress in their mechanical behavior. Conclusion: Literature on the Bauschinger effect in orthodontics is limited, but its implications in the selection, design, and performance of orthodontic wires are significant. Understanding these effects can optimize treatments and improve clinical outcomes.
Caracterización Y Estado Laboral De Los Egresados De La Especialidad De Ortodoncia De La Universidad Santo Tomás Bucaramanga.
(Universidad Santo Tomás, 2024-02-29) Daza Plata, Angelica Maria; Vergara Arroyave, Juan Camilo; Almario Barrera, Andrea Almario
Introduction: The characterization processes of orthodontic program graduates are essential for fostering strong relationships with alumni and enhancing quality assurance measures. Objective: This study aimed to assess the employment status of graduates from the orthodontic specialty program at Santo Tomás Bucaramanga University from 2004 to 2023. Materials and Methods: Using a descriptive approach, a questionnaire was distributed electronically to 70 graduates from cohorts I to XIX, and descriptive analysis was conducted on the collected data. Results: Out of 237 graduates, the study had a non-response rate of 70.47%, with 67.14% of respondents being women and a mean age of 41.77 years. A majority, 69.70%, reside in Bucaramanga, and all respondents practice orthodontics, with 80% working full-time. Furthermore, 75.71% earn more than five minimum legal monthly wages, predominantly within the clinical sector. Most graduates reported job improvements post-graduation, with 45.71% expressing overall satisfaction with the postgraduate program and 42.86% pursuing additional diplomas. Conclusions: While the majority are satisfied with the program, the university should implement measures to improve alumni contactability.
Evaluación de la prevalencia de caninos maxilares impactados y su manejo ortodóncico en las clínicas de ortodoncia de la Universidad Santo Tomás de Floridablanca
(Universidad Santo Tomás, 2024-07-29) Niño Canaria, Ana Maria; Sepúlveda Lazaro, Jessica, Andrea; Quintero Suárez, Jose David; Rodriguez Hernández, Leidy, Carolina
Introduction: Canine teeth are considered the "cornerstone" of the dental arch within the human development process, so the prevalence of impaction considerably affects dental functionality and aesthetics. For this reason, it was decided to develop this investigation. Objective: To evaluate the prevalence of impacted maxillary canines and their orthodontic management in patients over 8 years of age from the orthodontic postgraduate clinics of the Santo Tomás University of Floridablanca from 2016 to 2023. Methodology: cross-sectional study, with a sample of 101 patients, older than 8 years, treated between 2016 and 2023. In addition to evaluating the sociodemographic variables, the prevalence of impaction, location, prognosis according to Ericson and Kurol classification, type of management, type of treatment and adverse effect were analyzed. A review of the panoramic radiographs was performed and finally, a descriptive analysis of the information was carried out in STATA 14.0. Results: 51.5% (n=53) correspond to the male gender with an average age of 15.4 between a range of 8 to 47 years. Impaction of upper maxillary canines occurs in 3.5% (n=101), occurring more frequently in 2020 with 4.44% (n=18). Impaction of the upper right canine prevails in 34.6% (n=36), managed with traction in its entirety, with anchoring and chain methods in 30% (n=31), with a favorable prognosis in 54.7 %(n=58) and without the presence of adverse effects in 88.2% (n=89). Conclusion: A prevalence of maxillary canine impaction of 3.5% of patients seen between 2016 and 2023 at the USTA dental clinic was evident.
Relación entre la posición del incisivo central superior con el biotipo facial y la clasificación esquelética
(Universidad Santo Tomás, 2023-09-14) Rueda Maldonado, Andrea Magerly; Jaimes Bautista, María Juliana; Vivas Camargo, Sandra Marcela; Álvarez Rojas, Carlos Miguel
Introduction: Facial aesthetics has always been a relevant motivational factor for patients seeking to start orthodontic treatment. For this reason, evaluating facial harmony should be an integral part of a complete diagnosis. Objective: To determine the relationship of the position of the upper incisor with respect to the facial biotype and the skeletal relationship. Methods: Analytical cross-sectional study, with lateral skull X-rays of people who started orthodontic treatment from 2018 to 2023 at the diagnostic imaging center of the Santo Tomás University, Floridablanca campus. Radiographs of patients of legal age were included, with complete dentition without taking into account third molars, round or angled fronts. Cephalometric tracings were made and digitized in Excel to export to Stata where the statistical analyzes were made. Results: 170 radiographs were analyzed, of these 58% were women). On the other hand, the facial biotype that predominated in women was the Mesofacial (61.9%) and in men the Dolichofacial biotype (50%). The class I skeletal relationship was more frequent in women (63.6%) and class III in men (46.7%). Facial depth and Andrews measurement was higher in women than in men (89.0 vs 87.5; p=0.037; -0.5 vs -2.6; p= 0.017 respectively). The position of the incisor and the skeletal class were statistically significant according to the facial biotype (p<0.05). Likewise, the skeletal relationship and the Andrews measure presented a statistical association (p=0.019). Conclusion: Women tend to have greater facial depth and a more anterior position of the incisors. These findings have clinical implications and may be useful for the diagnosis and planning of orthodontic and orthognathic treatments.
Índice de Mallampati e hipertrofia amigdalina como factores asociados de la apnea obstructiva del sueño en adultos: una revisión sistemática.
(Universidad Santo Tomás, 2023-07-12) Almeida Mantilla, Wendy Katerinne; Mejía Mejía, Merkin Jesús; Páez Garzón, Andrea Fernanda; Baquero Moreno, Eliana; Castellanos Domínguez, Yeny Zulay
Introduction: Obstructive sleep apnea is characterized by total or partial airway blockage due to a decrease in pharyngeal space, which forces the patient to elevate his or her respiratory efforts to overcome these episodes. Objective: To identify the association between tonsillar hypertrophy and the Mallampati index in adult patients with a diagnosis of obstructive sleep apnea as reported in the scientific literature in the last ten years. Methods: A research was conducted in Pubmed, Scopus, Web Of Science, Lilacs, Dentistry and Oral Science databases, including clinical trials on obstructive sleep apnea and the relationship with the degree of tonsillar hypertrophy and Mallampati index, published in the last decade. The instrument was made in Microsoft Excel to collect and consolidate the information extracted from the previously selected articles. The quality of the studies was evaluated using the JBI tool. Results: A total of 15 articles that met the eligibility criteria, a 73,3% association was evidenced between OSA and the Mallampati scale, relating levels III and IV with moderate and severe episodes of OSA, while only 6.6% significantly correlated tonsil size classification with OSA severity P<.0001. Conclusions: There is an association between sleep apnea and the presence of Mallampati index grade III and IV as reported in the literature, but we could not associate the presence of tonsillar hypertrophy with the presence of obstructive sleep apnea, being very few literature mentioning it in their research.
Calidad de vida relacionada con la salud en niños y jóvenes con labio y/o paladar hendido residentes en el nororiente colombiano
(Universidad Santo Tomás, 2023-07-10) Leal Gélvez, Carlos Miguel; Sánchez Escobar, Lina María; Gómez Becerra, Lizbeth Azucena; Gil Ortiz, Tatiana Marcela; Torres Murillo, Ethman Ariel; Rodríguez Gómez, Martha Juliana
Objective: to assess health-related quality of life (HRQL) in 8- and 18-year-old Colombian children and adolescents with cleft lip and/or palate (CL/P) who lived in the nor eastern region of Colombia. Methods: we conducted a cross-sectional study with a convenience sample of 144 children and adolescents who filled out the Colombian version of the Kidscreen-52 questionnaire. Analyses were carried out on the entire sample as well as for sex and age groups (8-11 years and 12-18 years). We also estimated the internal consistency of the item responses via Cronbach’s alpha coefficient as a measure of reliability of the Kidscreen scores. We transformed the dimension score linearly to a 0-100-point scale, with 100 indicating a better quality of life. We calculated frequencies and proportions for qualitative variables and measures of central tendency and dispersion for quantitative ones. We used Mann-Whitney U test and considered a p-value <0.05 as statistically significant. Parents or caregivers signed the informed consent. Results: the mean age was 12.6 ± 3.2 years, 57.6% were boys, 56.9% were in secondary school, and 18.8% reported a functional limitation. Cronbach’s alpha value ranged from 0.81 to 0.84 for all dimensions. We found lower scores in the psychological well-being, self-perception, financial resources, social support & peers, and school environment dimensions in boys compared to girls, but the scores did not differ significantly; the lowest-scoring dimension for both was financial resources. Also, we observed lower scores in each of the ten dimensions in the 12-18 years group compared to the 8-10 years group, showing statistically significant differences in every dimension except financial resources, social support & peers, and bullying. The lowest-scoring dimension for both groups (8-11 and 12-18 years) was financial resources. Conclusions: children and adolescents with CL/P have good HRQL. It appears that they are capable of coping with the challenges of living with a cleft.
Prevalencia de intimidación escolar relacionada con características dentales desfavorables en adolescentes de 12 a 17 años de una institución pública de Bucaramanga. Estudio de corte transversal
(Universidad Santo Tomás, 2023-03-28) Silva Delgado, María Esperanza; Quintana Reyes, María Fernanda; Mayorga Flórez, Perla Viviana; Rodríguez Hernández, Leidy Carolina
Introduction: School bullying in children and adolescents is a worldwide problem where facial and oral aesthetics can be responsible for it, specifically unfavorable dental characteristics, this relationship can generate a physical deterioration, social and psychological of the affected subjects. Objective: To determine the prevalence of school bullying related to unfavorable dental characteristics in children and adolescents aged 12 to 17 years linked to a public institution in the city of Bucaramanga. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional analytical study was carried out on 316 students from a public educational institution in Bucaramanga to whom a self-administered questionnaire was applied in person on school bullying related to unfavorable dental characteristics. A descriptive and bivariate analysis was performed with stratification for the presence or not of intimidation in which simple Prevalence Ratios (RP) and adjusted by age and sex were calculated, accompanied by 95% Confidence Intervals in the STATA 14.O program Results: The median age was 14 (Q1:13-Q3:15) years, and the majority were men 55.70% (n=176). The self-reported prevalence of bullying due to dental characteristics was 66.77% (95% CI: 61.28-71.94). Crooked teeth PR=1.63 (95% CI: 1.42-1.86), dental shape and color PR=1.61 (95% CI: 1.44-1.81), open bite PR=1 .18 (95% CI: 1.04-1.33), gummy smile PR=1.47 (95% CI: 1.32-1.65) and lip incompetence PR=1.21 (95% CI: 1.06 –1.38); were at higher risk of reporting bullying at the time of the survey. Conclusions: There is a high prevalence of bullying in adolescents, with a significant number of them being harassed by their dental appearance, crowding being the main feature.
Relación entre variables esqueléticas cervicales y maxílo-mandibulares en radiografías lateral de cráneo y anteroposterior con boca abierta tomadas a pacientes adultos entre 13 y 64 años de ambos sexos de un consultorio particular en Bucaramanga
(Universidad Santo Tomás, 2023-03-28) Lamadrid Pájaro, Pedro Antonio; Zehr Castro, Andrés Guillermo; Villareal Assaf, Maria Paula
Introduction: Abnormal body posture could be associated with potential changes in cervicocraniofacial orthopedic and orthodontic conditions. Objective: To evaluate the relationship of anatomical diameters and angular measurements of maxillo-mandibular skeletal variables with different cervical variables, in lateral cephalometric radiography and open mouth view x-ray of 68 patients between 13 and 64 years of age. Materials and Methods: Cross-sectional study with 68 lateral skull radiographs and 68 anteroposterior radiographs with open mouths of 68 patients. The different diameters were recorded in a previously designed format. Descriptive and bivariate analyzes were carried out in which the different diameters were compared using Fischer's exact test to compare two categorical variables and the Pearson Correlation Coefficient to indicate the relationship between continuous variables, in the STATA 14.0 program. Results: 54.4%(n=37) of the patients belonged to the 20 to 39 years group and 61.8%(n=42) were women. The average craniovertebral angulation in degrees was 103.8 ± 7.6, showing a weak and inverse correlation between age and angulation of the cranial base with respect to the cervical vertebrae. The average value of ANB was increased by 61.8% (n=41) (high percentage of skeletal class II). Patients who presented mandibular deviation (80.8%, n=54) showed a decrease in the lateral space of C1 and C2 (58.8%, n=40) and elevation of the vertebral plane (75%, n=51). Conclusions: Craniocervical analysis is important in patients with dento-maxillary anomalies, since it is possible that there are compensatory head postures due to the different skeletal discrepancies of the patients.
Reproducibilidad de medidas digitales y manuales en un análisis sagital y transversal en modelos de dentición temporal
(Universidad Santo Tomás, 2023-03-28) Ramírez Quintero, Jessica Natalia; Fernández Carvajal, Angélica María; Torres Murillo, Ethman Aries
Introduction: Digitization and 3D image processing facilitate clinical practice, simplifying the treatment plan and processes for the clinician and the patient in an organized manner. Objective: To determine the reproducibility of measurements taken manually on plaster models of pediatric patients compared to those taken on digitized models. Materials and methods: A reproducibility study was carried out taking 204 models. Manual measurements were taken: intermolar distance and intercanine distance in the models with the digital Boley caliper and arch perimeter with orthodontic wire. Digital images were obtained with the Ineos X5 Scanner (Sirona CAD/CAM scanner), measurements were taken with Autodesk Software. A descriptive analysis was carried out, as well as the Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC) was calculated to verify the reproducibility between the measurements and the Bland & Altman limits of agreement in the STATA 14.0 program. Results: The average age of the subjects was 3.84 ±0.64, 51.96% (n=53) were women. The greatest reproducibility was obtained in distance inferior intermolar distance, Intraclass Correlation Coefficient, ICC=0.96, 95% CI: 0.94-0.97, while the measurement with the least reproducibility was obtained in inferior intercanine distance, ICC= 0.80, 95% CI: 0.73-0.87. Conclusions: A high degree of reproducibility and agreement was found between the measurements of the manual and digital models. The measure with the highest agreement was the lower intermolar distance with a high coefficient that is considered an almost perfect reproducibility.
Arquitectura del sueño en pacientes diagnosticados con apnea obstructiva del sueño y tratados con un dispositivo de avance mandibular
(Universidad Santo Tomás, 2023-03-22) Fontecha Gonzalez, Diana Paola; Gamboa Suarez, Diego Fernando; Roa Mora, Jairo Amilcar; Rueda Velásquez, Sandra Juliana
Introduction. Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA) is a chronic disease characterized by repetitive obstruction of the upper airway during sleep, presenting with complete (apnea) or partial (hypoapnea) cessation of airflow. Objective. To evaluate the sleep architecture in patients diagnosed with Obstructive Sleep Apnea, treated with a mandibular advancement device who attend the Instituto Neumológico del Oriente during 2022. Method. Case series study where 5 participants diagnosed with OSA were included, to whom an instrument was applied where the values of sleep architecture obtained by polysomnography were recorded and they underwent surgery with the Mandibular Advancement Device (MAD) for 30 days. A descriptive data analysis was performed for each case using absolute and relative frequencies, as well as means accompanied by standard deviation. Results. 100% (n=5) of the participants were male and were >30 years old. In relation to the severity of the cases, 3/5 corresponded to moderate and no case corresponded to mild. With respect to the baseline, the patients showed a change in sleep architecture after undergoing an intervention with MAD, 3/5 patients were diagnosed with moderate OSA and 1/5 mild. Conclusion. The patients achieved an improvement in terms of the apnea index, and the majority managed to improve parameters related to sleep quality such as sleep latency, sleep efficiency, and the micro-alerting index.
Prevalencia del síndrome de Burnout y las estrategias de afrontamiento de Lazarus y Folkman en los estudiantes de posgrado en Odontología de la Universidad Santo Tomás - Bucaramanga
(Universidad Santo Tomás, 2023-03-16) Londoño Laguna, Yady Stefany; Vega Chadid, Milady; Rueda Carreño, Gloria Patricia
Introduction: University students face daily new challenges in the professional environment, which demands physical and psychological effort. Current life circumstances generate the need for important changes, to obtain personal, family and social well-being, causing Burnout Syndrome as a response to chronic work stress. Objective: To determine the prevalence of Burnout syndrome and its respective way of coping according to Lazarus and Folkman, in postgraduate students in Dentistry at Santo Tomás University during the year 2022. Methodology: Analytical cross-section, whose sample obeyed 108 students in which a questionnaire was applied via Google Forms with the purpose of collecting information corresponding to sociodemographic characteristics, Burnout Syndrome Questionnaire (MBI-SS) and Stress Coping Questionnaire (CAE). A descriptive and bivariate analysis was carried out, stratified by dental specialty. Results: The majority of the sample were women 65.74% (n=71), single marital status 63.89% (n=69) belonged to the specialty of endodontics 31.50 (n=34). The MBI-SS determined that emotional exhaustion was found in the majority of students with 63.89% (n=71), cynicism with 59.26% (n=64) and Academic Effectiveness with 58.33% (n=63). Conclusions: Emotional exhaustion prevails at a medium-high level characterized by the feeling of exhaustion and fatigue, with a dropout of medium-high academic efficacy and depersonalization or low cynicism in the vast majority of graduate students. Regarding the ways of coping, they resort to strategies of focusing on the solution of the problem, positive re-evaluation and search for emotional support more frequently.
Diferencias en la localización del porion en adultos con distintos marcos dentoesqueletales en el área de Bucaramanga
(Universidad Santo Tomás, 2022-03-05) Saavedra Velandia, Manuel Fernando; Zableh Solano, Maria Emma
Introduction: Ricketts states that a Porion located at a level lower than the superior border of the condyle is indicative of a mesioskeleton pattern. In contrast, a Porion point observed at a level more superior than the condyle is indicative of a skeletal distortion. Objective: To identify the differences in the location of the Porion point in the different dentoskeletal frameworks of an adult population of the Bucaramanga metropolitan area. Materials and methods: Analytical observational, cross-sectional, in which 120 lateral radiographs were analyzed, a study of 73 women and 47 men with a mean age of 22 years: 32 neutral, 42 disto and 46 mesio. Gender, age, skeletal classification, occlusal plane inclination and maxillomandibular linear measurements were analyzed. The database was digitized in Microsoft Excel and exported to the STATA 14.0 package for analysis. Descriptive measures of absolute frequency type and percentage are presented in qualitative variables and median-average, as well as standard deviation-interquartile range for quantitative variables. The analysis of achievements was done with Spearman's test and T-test. Results: The height of the condyle with respect to the Frankfurt plane showed significance when correlated with the inclination of the posterior segment of the superior occlusal plane and the indicator of overbite dysplasia in the three skeletal frameworks. The distance from the Porion to the TMJ showed significance when correlated with all the variables. Conclusions: The sagittal and vertical position of the Porion presents significant differences in relation to the TMJ and the mandibular condyle and the inclination of the posterior segment of the upper occlusal plane is associated with the vertical and sagittal position of the Porion in the subjects studied.
Cambios en índices de apnea-hipopnea y saturación de oxígeno en pacientes SAHOS con dispositivo de avance mandibular. Una revisión de revisiones
(Universidad Santo Tomás, 2022-03-04) González Rojas, Carlos David; Prada Quintero, Viviana Magret; Puentes Sarmiento, Lilian; Velasco Corredor, Wendy Esther; Roa Mora, Jairo Amilkar; Rueda Velásquez, Sandra Juliana; Universidad Santo Tomás
Introduction: obstructive sleep apnea (OSAH) affects breathing due to the obliteration of the airways. Mandibular Advancement Devices (MAD) could release the respiratory obstruction. Studies have tried to verify the effectiveness of MAD to improve the condition of OSAH, however, the results generate discussion. Objective: To evaluate changes in oxygen saturation and the AHI apnea-hypopnea index after the use of MAD in adult patients with mild, moderate and severe OSAH based on the published literature. Materials and methods: A review of reviews was carried out, based on publications in health sciences databases such as EMBASE, COCHRANE, PUBMED, DENTISTRY AND WEB OF SCIENCE, taking into account the inclusion criteria such as systematic review studies and meta-analysis published during the last 10 years, in the languages of Spanish, English, Portuguese that evaluate changes in AHI and oxygen saturation, through a descriptive analysis performed in Excel. The project was endorsed by the research committee of the dental school. Results: 20 articles were included that met the selection criteria. All published in English. The countries with the most publications were China, the United States, Italy, and Japan. All indicated improvement in apnea-hypopnea and oxygen saturation indices after MAD. Conclusions: The use of MAD in adult patients with mild, moderate, or severe OSAH improves AHI and oxygen saturation, regardless of the percentage of mandibular advancement or the design of the MAD. The reviews presented a high degree of validity measured with the ROBIS tool, generating reliability in the results. It is recommended in future studies to evaluate other variables of sleep architecture contained in polysomnography.
Efectividad de la esterilización mediante la irradiación de microondas en la eliminación del Enterococcus faecalis en instrumental de uso ortodóntico
(Universidad Santo Tomás, 2022-03-01) Acelas Cáceres, María Fernanda; Eliana Lois, Simanca Buelvas; Mejía Serrano, Paola Astrid; Jaimes Moncada, Andrea Marcela; Verjel Bonza, Martha Patricia; Rocha Muñoz, Linda Patricia
Introduction: The pathogens involved in the transmission of infections in the dental field responsible for airway infections due to their high pathogenicity and ease of spread expose professionals during their daily practice. Heat sterilization and disinfection are the effective methods to eliminate the microorganisms that cause contamination of the instruments used. Due to the high costs it is difficult to have a large amount of this, it is necessary to look for a sterilization system in less time that is more effective than the established systems for greater availability of instruments in the consultation. Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of microwave sterilization of instruments used in orthodontic practice. Materials and methods: Preparation for inoculation with Enterococcus faecalis; The effectiveness of this process was verified by taking a sample and subsequent sowing in a culture medium with the instruments available for biological control. Finally, the sterilization was carried out by means of microwave irradiation and post-irradiation sterilization control. the data were recorded in the statistical package STATA / MP version 14.0, for the analysis and the measures of central tendency and dispersion were taken into account. The project was approved by the research committee of the Santo Tomás University School of Dentistry. Results: The sterilization process by microwave irradiation was satisfactory, completely eliminating Enterococcus faecalis, in none of the evaluated groups positive bacterial growth was observed. With respect to Geobacillus stearothermophilus; it was evidenced that the longer the exposure time to microwave waves there is a decrease in the UFC count. Conclusions: This method is effective, fast, a versatile, easy and inexpensive tool that dentists and assistant personnel can perform; to inactivate microorganisms.
Asociación entre índice de Bolton y biotipo facial en pacientes de ortodoncia de la Universidad Santo Tomás
(Universidad Santo Tomás, 2022-03-01) Násner Quintero, Maileth; Prieto Roa, Mónica Tatiana; Solano Guardo, Leidys; Álvarez Rojas, Carlos Miguel
Introduction: One of the objectives in orthodontic treatment is to obtain a final occlusion with class I molar and canine relationship, an optimal overbite and overjet. There are several factors that influence the achievement of these objectives, such as the ratio of the total mesiodistal width of the maxillary teeth with that of the mandibular teeth, the tooth mass discrepancy, and the facial biotype, which represent a fundamental piece to be able to design treatment plans based on a correct diagnosis. Objective: To establish a correlation between the Bolton index and the facial biotype. Method: The sample consisted of 100 patients, the Bolton index was determined from study models and the facial biotype from profile radiographs of patients from the dental clinic of the Santo Tomas de Bucaramanga of Floridablanca University, using the Ricketts Vert index. In addition, we sought to establish the prevalence of facial biotypes in patients treated at the clinic of Santo Tomas Floridablanca headquarters and their frequency with respect to gender. Results: It was evidenced that the majority of the patients were female in 63% and a median age of 20.5 years, the minimum and maximum age being 15 and 52 years respectively. Where the proportion of the studied patients showed a mesofacial biotype with 41% of the total sample, followed by the mild dolic and brachifacial biotypes with 17% each, respectively, and the least presence of the biotype among the studied patients was severe dolic represented in 1% of the total. Conclusion: No statistically significant correlation was found between the Bolton discrepancy and the facial biotypes in turn with the Bolton discrepancy and the bone-dental discrepancy.
Protocolos clínicos de finalización para tratamientos de ortodoncia: una revisión sistemática
(Universidad Santo Tomás, 2022-03-01) Acevedo Silva, Laura Marcela; Torres Rodriguez, Angelica Marcela; Torres Murillo, Ethman Ariel; Acevedo Arguello, Cesar; Universidad Santo Tomás
Objective: To propose a clinical protocol for the completion of orthodontic treatment supported by evidence-based literature to be applied at the Santo Tomás de Bucaramanga University. Methods: A systematic review was carried out with the databases PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Embase, Cocrhane, which included controlled clinical trials and evaluation of diagnostic technology on clinical completion protocols for orthodontic treatments, published between 1993- 2020. The articles that met the selection criteria were reviewed in their entirety. An instrument was developed in Microsoft Excel to consolidate the information extracted from the articles. The QUADAS-2 tool was applied to assess the quality of the diagnostic evaluation-type studies and the Cochrane risk of bias guide for clinical trials. Results: A total of 7 articles were reviewed, where 43% were of a controlled clinical trial type and 57% were of a diagnostic evaluation type. The most frequent database was PubMed (57%). Conclusions: The compilation of various protocols and completion techniques reported in the publications include parameters that could be taken into account together and thus improve the quality of completion of orthodontic treatments. This systematic review is the basis for adopting clinical guidelines for the completion of orthodontic treatments and that, based on these, the development of a clinical protocol for the completion of orthodontic treatments can be carried out at Tomás University.

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