Especialización Ortodoncia

URI permanente para esta colecciónhttp://hdl.handle.net/11634/218

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Malestar psicológico y calidad de vida en niños y adolescentes tratados con aparatología ortopédica maxilar.
(Universidad Santo Tomás, 2026-08-19) Carbonell Peréz, Alejandra; Hernández Areválo, Jorge Eliecer; Prada Pinzón, Oscar Eduardo; Rodríguez Hernández, Leidy Carolina; Universidad Santo Tomás
Background: The use of maxillary orthopedic appliances, although essential for correcting malocclusions and craniofacial abnormalities, may lead to psychological and social repercussions that negatively affect emotional well-being and quality of life due to adaptation difficulties, esthetic changes, and school bullying. Objective: To determine the level of psychological distress and its impact on the quality of life of children and adolescents treated with maxillary orthopedic appliances at the dental clinics of Universidad Santo Tomás in Piedecuesta, Santander, during 2025 and the first semester of 2026. Methods: An analytical cross-sectional observational study was conducted in a population of 113 patients aged 6 to 13 years undergoing maxillary orthopedic treatment. Data were collected using validated questionnaires and instruments designed to assess psychological distress, appliance-related bullying, and oral health-related quality of life. Sociodemographic variables, type of orthopedic appliance, and perceived overall well-being were also included. Results: A total of 13.04% of male participants reported experiencing teasing or bullying related to wearing orthopedic appliances, with no statistically significant differences between groups (p = 0.92). In addition, 75% of the patients (n = 18) showed a significant improvement in overall quality of life after treatment (p = 0.01). Mean post-treatment scores for emotional well-being (M = 8.2, SD = 1.0) and body image (M = 7.5, SD = 1.3) were significantly higher than baseline values (p < 0.05). Twenty percent of the sample showed no relevant changes. Overall, these findings indicate a positive effect of treatment with maxillary orthopedic appliances. Conclusions: Maxillary orthopedic treatment extends beyond functional and esthetic correction, as it also has a positive influence on the psychological and social well-being of children and adolescents. These findings highlight the importance of incorporating emotional assessment and support into routine orthopedic follow-up to facilitate treatment adaptation and improve treatment adherence.
Prevalencia de Asimetrías Mandibulares en Pacientes que asisten al Servicio de Ortodoncia de las Clínicas Odontológicas de la Universidad Santo Tomás, Bucaramanga
(Universidad Santo Tomás, 2026-08-19) Solano Porras, Edna Milena; Villarreal Assaf, Maria Paula; Universidad Santo Tomas
Mandibular asymmetries are differences in the size, shape, or position of the mandible that significantly impact facial aesthetics, masticatory function, and temporomandibular joint dynamics. Their etiology is multifactorial, involving genetic and environmental factors, as well as functional habits such as unilateral chewing. Digital panoramic radiography combined with Thilander’s analysis serves as an accessible and reproducible screening tool for their diagnosis. These alterations occur frequently in orthodontic patients, affecting occlusal stability and psychosocial well-being. In Colombia, epidemiological studies on this topic are limited; particularly in Bucaramanga, there is a significant information gap regarding their prevalence in children and adolescents receiving orthodontic care, which hinders early diagnosis and timely intervention planning. Early detection during growth stages enables the implementation of interceptive treatments that can reduce the need for invasive procedures or orthognathic surgery in adulthood. Therefore, this study aimed to provide local epidemiological evidence to strengthen diagnostic processes at Santo Tomás University and contribute to academic training based on current regional data. A cross-sectional descriptive prevalence study was conducted on a census of 150 digital panoramic radiographs from patients aged 7 to 25 years treated at the Orthodontics Service of the Dental Clinics of Santo Tomás University (2024-2025). Data were processed in Stata 16.0, performing univariate descriptive analysis (frequencies and percentages) and bivariate analysis using Chi-square or Fisher’s exact test to evaluate associations with gender and age (p < 0.05). The results showed a moderate prevalence of mandibular asymmetries, with the total ramus height (Co-Go) being the most affected dimension (37.33%), followed by ramus height (29.33%) and condylar height (28.67%). Most asymmetries were mild in severity. A statistically significant association was found between gender and ramus asymmetry (p = 0.020), with females showing a higher proportion of symmetry, while no significant association was observed with age. In conclusion, there is a moderate prevalence of mandibular asymmetries in the studied population, predominantly affecting the total ramus plane. Thilander analysis on panoramic radiographs proves to be an effective method for initial screening, allowing optimization of preventive and interceptive orthodontic treatment planning during active growth stages.
“Relación entre el ancho de la tabla oclusal de los molares y premolares con el biotipo facial en los pacientes de la Clínica de Ortodoncia de la Universidad Santo Tomás de Bucaramanga”
(Universidad Santo Tomás, 2026-08-19) Gil León, Katerine María; Rodríguez Dávila, Francy Alejandra; Rojas Mantilla, Paula Andrea; Alvarez Rojas, Carlos Miguel; Universidad Santo Tomás
The main objective of this research project was to determine the relationship between the occlusal table width of molars and premolars and facial biotype in patients treated at the Orthodontic Clinic of Santo Tomás University in Bucaramanga during the 2024–2026 period. A cross-sectional observational study was conducted on a sample of 93 patients. Occlusal table width was assessed on study casts, whereas facial biotype and skeletal classification were determined using the Ricketts VERT analysis and the Wits appraisal, respectively. Statistical analyses were performed using Stata® version 17, with p-values < 0.05 considered statistically significant. The results showed a significant association between the occlusal table width of teeth 25 and 26 and facial biotype, whereas no significant differences were found in the remaining teeth evaluated. Skeletal classification and age were not significantly associated with occlusal table width. In contrast, sexual dimorphism was observed in the upper posterior teeth, with males exhibiting greater occlusal table width values. Adequate bilateral symmetry was also observed between homologous teeth, except for teeth 16 and 26, where a small but significant difference was found. The study demonstrated that occlusal table dimensions remained stable in most of the teeth evaluated, with specific associations with facial biotype and sex-related differences observed in the upper posterior teeth.
Relación entre los cambios de la altura anterior de la corona clínica de incisivo central superior derecho con el nivel de inserción del frenillo labial después de un tratamiento de ortodoncia con alineadores en pacientes atendidos en la clínica odontológica vía oral
(Universidad Santo Tomás, 2026-08-19) Acevedo García, Valentina; Bermudez Caraballo, Keitty; Villarreal Assaf, Maria Paula; Universidad Santo Tomás
Modern orthodontics aims to correct malocclusions through controlled tooth movement while preserving periodontal health, which is essential for treatment stability and long-term outcomes. Although gingival recession is frequently associated with orthodontic therapy, limited evidence exists regarding the influence of labial frenum insertion levels on changes in clinical crown height during clear aligner treatment. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the relationship between changes in the clinical crown height of the maxillary right central incisor following clear aligner therapy and periodontal and biomechanical variables in patients treated at the Vía Oral Clinic in Bucaramanga between 2021 and 2024. A retrospective longitudinal analytical observational study was conducted on 120 patients aged 15 to 56 years. Data were collected and managed in Microsoft Excel and analyzed using Stata 16.0 through univariate and bivariate analyses, including paired Student’s t-tests, Kruskal–Wallis tests, and Dunn’s post hoc comparisons, with a significance level of p < 0.05. The results showed statistically significant differences in crown height variation according to labial frenum insertion level (p = 0.003), with greater changes observed in gingival (0.23) and papillary (0.30) insertions compared with mucosal insertions (0.01). Additionally, patients treated with PETG aligners exhibited greater crown height variation (0.26) than those treated with polyurethane aligners (0.016), while medium trim lines (0.29) were associated with greater changes than high or low trim designs. Buccolingual angulation movements and the use of Class II elastics (0.33) were also significantly associated with increased clinical crown height. These findings suggest that labial frenum insertion level, aligner material, and trim line design are associated with changes in clinical crown height during clear aligner therapy. Careful periodontal assessment should therefore be incorporated into treatment planning, particularly for patients with low frenum insertions or those requiring Class II elastics and stiffer aligner materials such as PETG, to optimize periodontal health and aesthetic outcomes.
Percepción del acudiente acerca de las barreras para la adherencia del tratamiento Ortopédico
(Universidad Santo Tomás, 2026-08-19) Gómez Landazábal, María Carolina; Hernández Marín , Estefanía; López Sagardia, Ana Yurley; Rodríguez Hernández, Leidy Carolina; López Romero, Luis Alberto; Universidad Santo Tomas
Introduction: adherence to orthopedic treatment in pediatric patients is a determining factor for therapeutic success; however, multiple social, economic, economic, family, and behavioral barriers may interfere with treatment compliance. In this context, parents or caregivers play a fundamental role, as they actively participate in supervision, attendance at follow-up appointments, and adherence to clinical recommendations. Objective: to analyze parents’ and caregivers’ perceptions of the barriers affecting adherence to orthopedic treatment in pediatric patients treated at the Maxillary Orthopedics Clinics of Santo Tomás University in Bucaramanga. Methods: an observational, descriptive, cross-sectional study was conducted with 69 caregivers of pediatric patients undergoing active orthopedic treatment. Data was collected using a structured questionnaire that assessed sociodemographic, clinical, economic, and adherence-related variables. Descriptive and inferential analyses were performed using Chi-square and Fisher’s exact tests, with statistical significance set at p < 0.05. Results: a total of 69 caregivers participated, most of whom were mothers (76.8%). The main barriers identified were financial difficulties (58.0%), missed appointments (51.5%), and patient resistance to treatment (44.9%). Significant associations were found between treatment adherence and appointment attendance, proper appliance use, oral hygiene habits, and family support. Furthermore, a better understanding of the importance of treatment was associated with greater commitment from both patients and caregivers. Conclusion: adherence to pediatric orthopedic treatment primarily depends on family support, patient understanding, and effective communication with healthcare professionals, while economic and behavioral barriers may hinder treatment compliance.
Hábitos alimenticios en estudiantes de posgrado de la facultad de odontología en la universidad Santo Tomás seccional Bucaramanga
(Universidad Santo Tomás, 2025-08-12) Rojas Herrera, Miller Ricardo; Tapias Gomez, José Abrahan; Patiño Pires, Joselyne Alejandra; Galvis Pérez, Paula Andrea; Rueda Martínez, Gabriela; Castellanos Domínguez, Yenny Zulay
Introduction: Postgraduate students face challenges that impact their eating habits, such as stress, lack of time, and academic pressure. A healthy diet is key to preventing malnutrition and non-communicable diseases. Objective: To determine the dietary profile and identify factors influencing the food choices of postgraduate dental residents at Santo Tomás University during 2024. Materials and Methods: Analytical observational cross-sectional study involving 76 students selected through stratified sampling. Data were collected using a validated questionnaire that evaluates eating habits on a Likert scale, considering variables such as socioeconomic status, semester, and physical activity level. Results: 57.9% of participants were single women, and 59.2% belonged to a middle socioeconomic stratum. There was low concern about the caloric content of foods and infrequent reading of nutrition labels. Emotional eating predominated in 70% of cases, where participants ate due to anxiety or boredom, mainly fast food. Although a high proportion reported daily vegetable intake, the consumption of fruits, fish, and legumes was insufficient. Only a minority complied with the recommended four meals per day, and few ate slowly or avoided unnecessary foods. A significant sedentary pattern was identified, with 41.3% sitting between 7 and 9 hours per day and 30.3% not engaging in regular physical activity. The overall score indicated barely sufficient eating habits. The most critical dimension was sedentary behavior. Conclusions: A pattern of emotional eating, sedentary lifestyle, and low adherence to nutritional recommendations was evident, justifying the design of targeted strategies to improve the dietary health of this population.
Efecto de los Fármacos para el control de hipertensión y diabetes tipo II el el movimiento dental: una revisión sistémica
(Universidad Santo Tomás, 2025-08-12) Agudelo Solano, María José; Delgado Jaimes, Ronald Yair; Estupiñan Alarcón, Jhon Alexander; Vivas Flórez, Jairo Alberto; Jarpa Remaggi, Patricio Javier; Castellanos Domínguez, Yeny Zulay
Introduction:The prevalence of diabetes and hypertension poses challenges in orthodontics due to the potential alteration of orthodontic tooth movement (OTM) by medications used for their control. The need for a comprehensive understanding of this interaction and the limitations in conducting a primary study motivated the completion of a systematic review. Objective: To identify the effect of medications for hypertension and diabetes on orthodontic tooth movement, based on evidence published over the last ten years. Materials and Methods: A systematic review was conducted following the PRISMA methodology. Articles published between 2014 and 2024 were searched across five databases, managed with Mendeley, and selected in two blinded stages by reviewers—first by title/abstract and then by full text (using Rayyan). Methodological quality was assessed using the JBI tool. The research was classified as risk-free, respecting intellectual property in accordance with Law 1915 of 2018 and Law 1032 of 2006. Results: Out of 1,834 articles, 10 studies were included (60% from Google Scholar, 100% in English, 40% from Japan). The studies, with experimental durations ranging from 3 to 21 days, mainly analyzed drugs for diabetes (60%) and hypertension (40%). In diabetes, the uncontrolled condition increased OTM, while insulin, metformin, IGF-1, exendin-4, and AMP-activated protein kinase tended to normalize it; linagliptin inhibited it. In hypertension, captopril increased OTM, while losartan (after 12 days), butoxamine, and propranolol reduced it. Conclusion: In diabetic patients, insulin, metformin, IGF-1, and exendin-4 promote OTM, while linagliptin inhibits it. In hypertensive patients, captopril increases OTM, whereas losartan, propranolol, and butoxamine decrease it. However, clinical studies in humans are essential to confirm how these medications affect orthodontic treatment in patients with comorbidities, thereby enabling the establishment of reliable clinical practice guidelines.
Estrategias de marketing para promover los servicios de ortodoncia en las clínicas de la Universidad Santo Tomás
(Universidad Santo Tomás, 2025-08-12) Mantilla Mejia, Leidy Vanessa; Méndez Archila, María Paula; Olarte Escobar, Hernán; Tavera Cuellar, Cristina Ivonne
The clinical practice of orthodontics requires the participation of people willing to provide timely care for adequate treatment follow-up. A steady flow of patients is required, and this necessitates an attractive plan to recruit new patients. Objective. To design a strategic marketing plan to promote orthodontic services at the clinics of the Santo Tomás University, Bucaramanga branch, during 2024. Methods. A cross-sectional, descriptive, observational study included the administration of a structured questionnaire to university teaching and administrative staff with contracts valid for 2024-2022. Based on the responses, a SWOT matrix was constructed to identify the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats of the dental clinics. Results. A total of 210 participants were included in the study: 56.7% women, 42.4% from lower-middle socioeconomic status, and 54.8% working in the administrative field. Among the factors limiting service demand are a lack of trust, lack of awareness of the treatment's value, and insufficient institutional promotion. The designed strategies aim to improve perceptions of the service, increase visibility in digital media, and encourage active participation among potential users. Conclusion: The implementation of a strategic marketing plan, adapted to the institution's internal and external conditions, allows for increased patient recruitment and contributes to the university's position as a provider of quality healthcare services. It also promotes coordination between academic objectives and the needs of the university community.
Intervención temprana como tratamiento preventivo en pacientes con maloclusión clase III. Una revisión sistemática
(Universidad Santo Tomás, 2024-08-22) Torrado Alquichire, Camilo Andrés; Luna Velasco, Eliana; Garcia Carreño, Oscar Leandro; López Romero, Luis Alberto
Introduction: Class III skeletal relationship affects between 5% and 15% of the population. Two main issues surrounding the treatment of this type of malocclusion are the appropriate time to intervene and the type of appliance to use. Objective: To evaluate the treatment of choice for skeletal class III patients between 6 and 11 years of age. Methodology: Systematic review in the following databases: PudMed, Embase, Cochrane, BVS, Science direct, Springer link, Google academic, clinical and pseudo-experimental trials on early treatment of class III malocclusion were included. Screening and full text selection was performed in duplicate. Data extraction was performed in an Excel matrix. Quality was assessed using the Joanna Briggs Institute. Results: 20 articles were included, published most frequently in Turkey, Italy and China, and 40% (n=8) were pseudo-experimental. 75% (15/20) reported rapid palatal expansion with maxillary protraction. It was evident that all braces used between the ages of 6 to 11 years were shown to be effective in the short term, with treatment time ranging from 6 months to 2 years. Conclusions: Braces significantly improve malocclusion in growing patients in the short term. The appliance of choice for the treatment of skeletal class III was the rapid palatal expansion with maxillary protraction, with a treatment time of 6 months to 2 years or until a positive overjet was obtained.
Efecto Bauschinger en ortodoncia. Revisión rápida sistemática de literatura
(Universidad Santo Tomás, 2024-07-31) Zolaque Mateus, Diana Katherine; Garcia Costa, Moises Eduardo; Polonia Garcia, Maximo Alcibiades; Villareal Assaf, Maria Paula
Introduction: The Bauschinger effect is crucial in the plastic deformation of metals and it is essential to consider its impact for an effective application of this property in the manipulation of dental materials. Objective: To determine the available scientific evidence on the Bauschinger effect in orthodontics using bibliographic sources such as articles, books, reviews, and theses. Methodology: A rapid systematic literature review was conducted. Studies on the Bauschinger effect in orthodontics published in all languages in materials science and engineering in different indexed journals, orthodontic databases, and other repositories were included, as well as snowball searching. A qualitative synthesis of information was conducted, and the quality was evaluated using the Critical Appraisal Tool from CEBM. Results: Six articles were included, most of which were published in the United States (66.66%, n=4), and only 2 (33.33%) specifically addressed the effect in orthodontics. Research on the Bauschinger effect in orthodontics is limited and not as widely documented as in other fields of engineering and materials science. In the study published in Australia, the authors highlighted the relevance of the Bauschinger effect in 0.016-inch stainless steel wires as a significant factor in plastic deformation and cyclic stress in their mechanical behavior. Conclusion: Literature on the Bauschinger effect in orthodontics is limited, but its implications in the selection, design, and performance of orthodontic wires are significant. Understanding these effects can optimize treatments and improve clinical outcomes.
Caracterización Y Estado Laboral De Los Egresados De La Especialidad De Ortodoncia De La Universidad Santo Tomás Bucaramanga.
(Universidad Santo Tomás, 2024-02-29) Daza Plata, Angelica Maria; Vergara Arroyave, Juan Camilo; Almario Barrera, Andrea Almario
Introduction: The characterization processes of orthodontic program graduates are essential for fostering strong relationships with alumni and enhancing quality assurance measures. Objective: This study aimed to assess the employment status of graduates from the orthodontic specialty program at Santo Tomás Bucaramanga University from 2004 to 2023. Materials and Methods: Using a descriptive approach, a questionnaire was distributed electronically to 70 graduates from cohorts I to XIX, and descriptive analysis was conducted on the collected data. Results: Out of 237 graduates, the study had a non-response rate of 70.47%, with 67.14% of respondents being women and a mean age of 41.77 years. A majority, 69.70%, reside in Bucaramanga, and all respondents practice orthodontics, with 80% working full-time. Furthermore, 75.71% earn more than five minimum legal monthly wages, predominantly within the clinical sector. Most graduates reported job improvements post-graduation, with 45.71% expressing overall satisfaction with the postgraduate program and 42.86% pursuing additional diplomas. Conclusions: While the majority are satisfied with the program, the university should implement measures to improve alumni contactability.
Evaluación de la prevalencia de caninos maxilares impactados y su manejo ortodóncico en las clínicas de ortodoncia de la Universidad Santo Tomás de Floridablanca
(Universidad Santo Tomás, 2024-07-29) Niño Canaria, Ana Maria; Sepúlveda Lazaro, Jessica, Andrea; Quintero Suárez, Jose David; Rodriguez Hernández, Leidy, Carolina
Introduction: Canine teeth are considered the "cornerstone" of the dental arch within the human development process, so the prevalence of impaction considerably affects dental functionality and aesthetics. For this reason, it was decided to develop this investigation. Objective: To evaluate the prevalence of impacted maxillary canines and their orthodontic management in patients over 8 years of age from the orthodontic postgraduate clinics of the Santo Tomás University of Floridablanca from 2016 to 2023. Methodology: cross-sectional study, with a sample of 101 patients, older than 8 years, treated between 2016 and 2023. In addition to evaluating the sociodemographic variables, the prevalence of impaction, location, prognosis according to Ericson and Kurol classification, type of management, type of treatment and adverse effect were analyzed. A review of the panoramic radiographs was performed and finally, a descriptive analysis of the information was carried out in STATA 14.0. Results: 51.5% (n=53) correspond to the male gender with an average age of 15.4 between a range of 8 to 47 years. Impaction of upper maxillary canines occurs in 3.5% (n=101), occurring more frequently in 2020 with 4.44% (n=18). Impaction of the upper right canine prevails in 34.6% (n=36), managed with traction in its entirety, with anchoring and chain methods in 30% (n=31), with a favorable prognosis in 54.7 %(n=58) and without the presence of adverse effects in 88.2% (n=89). Conclusion: A prevalence of maxillary canine impaction of 3.5% of patients seen between 2016 and 2023 at the USTA dental clinic was evident.
Relación entre la posición del incisivo central superior con el biotipo facial y la clasificación esquelética
(Universidad Santo Tomás, 2023-09-14) Rueda Maldonado, Andrea Magerly; Jaimes Bautista, María Juliana; Vivas Camargo, Sandra Marcela; Álvarez Rojas, Carlos Miguel
Introduction: Facial aesthetics has always been a relevant motivational factor for patients seeking to start orthodontic treatment. For this reason, evaluating facial harmony should be an integral part of a complete diagnosis. Objective: To determine the relationship of the position of the upper incisor with respect to the facial biotype and the skeletal relationship. Methods: Analytical cross-sectional study, with lateral skull X-rays of people who started orthodontic treatment from 2018 to 2023 at the diagnostic imaging center of the Santo Tomás University, Floridablanca campus. Radiographs of patients of legal age were included, with complete dentition without taking into account third molars, round or angled fronts. Cephalometric tracings were made and digitized in Excel to export to Stata where the statistical analyzes were made. Results: 170 radiographs were analyzed, of these 58% were women). On the other hand, the facial biotype that predominated in women was the Mesofacial (61.9%) and in men the Dolichofacial biotype (50%). The class I skeletal relationship was more frequent in women (63.6%) and class III in men (46.7%). Facial depth and Andrews measurement was higher in women than in men (89.0 vs 87.5; p=0.037; -0.5 vs -2.6; p= 0.017 respectively). The position of the incisor and the skeletal class were statistically significant according to the facial biotype (p<0.05). Likewise, the skeletal relationship and the Andrews measure presented a statistical association (p=0.019). Conclusion: Women tend to have greater facial depth and a more anterior position of the incisors. These findings have clinical implications and may be useful for the diagnosis and planning of orthodontic and orthognathic treatments.
Índice de Mallampati e hipertrofia amigdalina como factores asociados de la apnea obstructiva del sueño en adultos: una revisión sistemática.
(Universidad Santo Tomás, 2023-07-12) Almeida Mantilla, Wendy Katerinne; Mejía Mejía, Merkin Jesús; Páez Garzón, Andrea Fernanda; Baquero Moreno, Eliana; Castellanos Domínguez, Yeny Zulay
Introduction: Obstructive sleep apnea is characterized by total or partial airway blockage due to a decrease in pharyngeal space, which forces the patient to elevate his or her respiratory efforts to overcome these episodes. Objective: To identify the association between tonsillar hypertrophy and the Mallampati index in adult patients with a diagnosis of obstructive sleep apnea as reported in the scientific literature in the last ten years. Methods: A research was conducted in Pubmed, Scopus, Web Of Science, Lilacs, Dentistry and Oral Science databases, including clinical trials on obstructive sleep apnea and the relationship with the degree of tonsillar hypertrophy and Mallampati index, published in the last decade. The instrument was made in Microsoft Excel to collect and consolidate the information extracted from the previously selected articles. The quality of the studies was evaluated using the JBI tool. Results: A total of 15 articles that met the eligibility criteria, a 73,3% association was evidenced between OSA and the Mallampati scale, relating levels III and IV with moderate and severe episodes of OSA, while only 6.6% significantly correlated tonsil size classification with OSA severity P<.0001. Conclusions: There is an association between sleep apnea and the presence of Mallampati index grade III and IV as reported in the literature, but we could not associate the presence of tonsillar hypertrophy with the presence of obstructive sleep apnea, being very few literature mentioning it in their research.
Calidad de vida relacionada con la salud en niños y jóvenes con labio y/o paladar hendido residentes en el nororiente colombiano
(Universidad Santo Tomás, 2023-07-10) Leal Gélvez, Carlos Miguel; Sánchez Escobar, Lina María; Gómez Becerra, Lizbeth Azucena; Gil Ortiz, Tatiana Marcela; Torres Murillo, Ethman Ariel; Rodríguez Gómez, Martha Juliana
Objective: to assess health-related quality of life (HRQL) in 8- and 18-year-old Colombian children and adolescents with cleft lip and/or palate (CL/P) who lived in the nor eastern region of Colombia. Methods: we conducted a cross-sectional study with a convenience sample of 144 children and adolescents who filled out the Colombian version of the Kidscreen-52 questionnaire. Analyses were carried out on the entire sample as well as for sex and age groups (8-11 years and 12-18 years). We also estimated the internal consistency of the item responses via Cronbach’s alpha coefficient as a measure of reliability of the Kidscreen scores. We transformed the dimension score linearly to a 0-100-point scale, with 100 indicating a better quality of life. We calculated frequencies and proportions for qualitative variables and measures of central tendency and dispersion for quantitative ones. We used Mann-Whitney U test and considered a p-value <0.05 as statistically significant. Parents or caregivers signed the informed consent. Results: the mean age was 12.6 ± 3.2 years, 57.6% were boys, 56.9% were in secondary school, and 18.8% reported a functional limitation. Cronbach’s alpha value ranged from 0.81 to 0.84 for all dimensions. We found lower scores in the psychological well-being, self-perception, financial resources, social support & peers, and school environment dimensions in boys compared to girls, but the scores did not differ significantly; the lowest-scoring dimension for both was financial resources. Also, we observed lower scores in each of the ten dimensions in the 12-18 years group compared to the 8-10 years group, showing statistically significant differences in every dimension except financial resources, social support & peers, and bullying. The lowest-scoring dimension for both groups (8-11 and 12-18 years) was financial resources. Conclusions: children and adolescents with CL/P have good HRQL. It appears that they are capable of coping with the challenges of living with a cleft.
Prevalencia de intimidación escolar relacionada con características dentales desfavorables en adolescentes de 12 a 17 años de una institución pública de Bucaramanga. Estudio de corte transversal
(Universidad Santo Tomás, 2023-03-28) Silva Delgado, María Esperanza; Quintana Reyes, María Fernanda; Mayorga Flórez, Perla Viviana; Rodríguez Hernández, Leidy Carolina
Introduction: School bullying in children and adolescents is a worldwide problem where facial and oral aesthetics can be responsible for it, specifically unfavorable dental characteristics, this relationship can generate a physical deterioration, social and psychological of the affected subjects. Objective: To determine the prevalence of school bullying related to unfavorable dental characteristics in children and adolescents aged 12 to 17 years linked to a public institution in the city of Bucaramanga. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional analytical study was carried out on 316 students from a public educational institution in Bucaramanga to whom a self-administered questionnaire was applied in person on school bullying related to unfavorable dental characteristics. A descriptive and bivariate analysis was performed with stratification for the presence or not of intimidation in which simple Prevalence Ratios (RP) and adjusted by age and sex were calculated, accompanied by 95% Confidence Intervals in the STATA 14.O program Results: The median age was 14 (Q1:13-Q3:15) years, and the majority were men 55.70% (n=176). The self-reported prevalence of bullying due to dental characteristics was 66.77% (95% CI: 61.28-71.94). Crooked teeth PR=1.63 (95% CI: 1.42-1.86), dental shape and color PR=1.61 (95% CI: 1.44-1.81), open bite PR=1 .18 (95% CI: 1.04-1.33), gummy smile PR=1.47 (95% CI: 1.32-1.65) and lip incompetence PR=1.21 (95% CI: 1.06 –1.38); were at higher risk of reporting bullying at the time of the survey. Conclusions: There is a high prevalence of bullying in adolescents, with a significant number of them being harassed by their dental appearance, crowding being the main feature.
Relación entre variables esqueléticas cervicales y maxílo-mandibulares en radiografías lateral de cráneo y anteroposterior con boca abierta tomadas a pacientes adultos entre 13 y 64 años de ambos sexos de un consultorio particular en Bucaramanga
(Universidad Santo Tomás, 2023-03-28) Lamadrid Pájaro, Pedro Antonio; Zehr Castro, Andrés Guillermo; Villareal Assaf, Maria Paula
Introduction: Abnormal body posture could be associated with potential changes in cervicocraniofacial orthopedic and orthodontic conditions. Objective: To evaluate the relationship of anatomical diameters and angular measurements of maxillo-mandibular skeletal variables with different cervical variables, in lateral cephalometric radiography and open mouth view x-ray of 68 patients between 13 and 64 years of age. Materials and Methods: Cross-sectional study with 68 lateral skull radiographs and 68 anteroposterior radiographs with open mouths of 68 patients. The different diameters were recorded in a previously designed format. Descriptive and bivariate analyzes were carried out in which the different diameters were compared using Fischer's exact test to compare two categorical variables and the Pearson Correlation Coefficient to indicate the relationship between continuous variables, in the STATA 14.0 program. Results: 54.4%(n=37) of the patients belonged to the 20 to 39 years group and 61.8%(n=42) were women. The average craniovertebral angulation in degrees was 103.8 ± 7.6, showing a weak and inverse correlation between age and angulation of the cranial base with respect to the cervical vertebrae. The average value of ANB was increased by 61.8% (n=41) (high percentage of skeletal class II). Patients who presented mandibular deviation (80.8%, n=54) showed a decrease in the lateral space of C1 and C2 (58.8%, n=40) and elevation of the vertebral plane (75%, n=51). Conclusions: Craniocervical analysis is important in patients with dento-maxillary anomalies, since it is possible that there are compensatory head postures due to the different skeletal discrepancies of the patients.
Reproducibilidad de medidas digitales y manuales en un análisis sagital y transversal en modelos de dentición temporal
(Universidad Santo Tomás, 2023-03-28) Ramírez Quintero, Jessica Natalia; Fernández Carvajal, Angélica María; Torres Murillo, Ethman Aries
Introduction: Digitization and 3D image processing facilitate clinical practice, simplifying the treatment plan and processes for the clinician and the patient in an organized manner. Objective: To determine the reproducibility of measurements taken manually on plaster models of pediatric patients compared to those taken on digitized models. Materials and methods: A reproducibility study was carried out taking 204 models. Manual measurements were taken: intermolar distance and intercanine distance in the models with the digital Boley caliper and arch perimeter with orthodontic wire. Digital images were obtained with the Ineos X5 Scanner (Sirona CAD/CAM scanner), measurements were taken with Autodesk Software. A descriptive analysis was carried out, as well as the Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC) was calculated to verify the reproducibility between the measurements and the Bland & Altman limits of agreement in the STATA 14.0 program. Results: The average age of the subjects was 3.84 ±0.64, 51.96% (n=53) were women. The greatest reproducibility was obtained in distance inferior intermolar distance, Intraclass Correlation Coefficient, ICC=0.96, 95% CI: 0.94-0.97, while the measurement with the least reproducibility was obtained in inferior intercanine distance, ICC= 0.80, 95% CI: 0.73-0.87. Conclusions: A high degree of reproducibility and agreement was found between the measurements of the manual and digital models. The measure with the highest agreement was the lower intermolar distance with a high coefficient that is considered an almost perfect reproducibility.
Arquitectura del sueño en pacientes diagnosticados con apnea obstructiva del sueño y tratados con un dispositivo de avance mandibular
(Universidad Santo Tomás, 2023-03-22) Fontecha Gonzalez, Diana Paola; Gamboa Suarez, Diego Fernando; Roa Mora, Jairo Amilcar; Rueda Velásquez, Sandra Juliana
Introduction. Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA) is a chronic disease characterized by repetitive obstruction of the upper airway during sleep, presenting with complete (apnea) or partial (hypoapnea) cessation of airflow. Objective. To evaluate the sleep architecture in patients diagnosed with Obstructive Sleep Apnea, treated with a mandibular advancement device who attend the Instituto Neumológico del Oriente during 2022. Method. Case series study where 5 participants diagnosed with OSA were included, to whom an instrument was applied where the values of sleep architecture obtained by polysomnography were recorded and they underwent surgery with the Mandibular Advancement Device (MAD) for 30 days. A descriptive data analysis was performed for each case using absolute and relative frequencies, as well as means accompanied by standard deviation. Results. 100% (n=5) of the participants were male and were >30 years old. In relation to the severity of the cases, 3/5 corresponded to moderate and no case corresponded to mild. With respect to the baseline, the patients showed a change in sleep architecture after undergoing an intervention with MAD, 3/5 patients were diagnosed with moderate OSA and 1/5 mild. Conclusion. The patients achieved an improvement in terms of the apnea index, and the majority managed to improve parameters related to sleep quality such as sleep latency, sleep efficiency, and the micro-alerting index.
Prevalencia del síndrome de Burnout y las estrategias de afrontamiento de Lazarus y Folkman en los estudiantes de posgrado en Odontología de la Universidad Santo Tomás - Bucaramanga
(Universidad Santo Tomás, 2023-03-16) Londoño Laguna, Yady Stefany; Vega Chadid, Milady; Rueda Carreño, Gloria Patricia
Introduction: University students face daily new challenges in the professional environment, which demands physical and psychological effort. Current life circumstances generate the need for important changes, to obtain personal, family and social well-being, causing Burnout Syndrome as a response to chronic work stress. Objective: To determine the prevalence of Burnout syndrome and its respective way of coping according to Lazarus and Folkman, in postgraduate students in Dentistry at Santo Tomás University during the year 2022. Methodology: Analytical cross-section, whose sample obeyed 108 students in which a questionnaire was applied via Google Forms with the purpose of collecting information corresponding to sociodemographic characteristics, Burnout Syndrome Questionnaire (MBI-SS) and Stress Coping Questionnaire (CAE). A descriptive and bivariate analysis was carried out, stratified by dental specialty. Results: The majority of the sample were women 65.74% (n=71), single marital status 63.89% (n=69) belonged to the specialty of endodontics 31.50 (n=34). The MBI-SS determined that emotional exhaustion was found in the majority of students with 63.89% (n=71), cynicism with 59.26% (n=64) and Academic Effectiveness with 58.33% (n=63). Conclusions: Emotional exhaustion prevails at a medium-high level characterized by the feeling of exhaustion and fatigue, with a dropout of medium-high academic efficacy and depersonalization or low cynicism in the vast majority of graduate students. Regarding the ways of coping, they resort to strategies of focusing on the solution of the problem, positive re-evaluation and search for emotional support more frequently.

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