Ideación de la solución para la automatización de edificio de apartamentos

Abstract

This paper addresses the challenges faced by Building BQ 45 C, a residential complex of 24 apartments located in the Palermo neighborhood of Bogotá, which experiences high operational costs derived primarily from fixed expenses in security, public utilities, cleaning, and administration. The dependence on human resources for access control, surveillance, and management of common areas generates operational inefficiencies, limited information traceability, and restricted response capacity to incidents. The proposed solution consists of the design and implementation of a comprehensive automation platform based on IoT (Internet of Things) technologies and cloud services, specifically using Microsoft Azure IoT Central as the centralized management core. The system integrates smart sensors for monitoring critical variables (water, noise, parking occupancy, waste), automated access control through RFID and biometrics, and IP video surveillance with cloud storage. The proposed technical architecture follows a five-layer model (perception, network, gateway, cloud, and application), ensuring interoperability, scalability, and security through AES-256 encryption and multi-factor authentication. The estimated initial investment is $16 million COP with monthly maintenance costs of $300,000 COP, projecting a 20-25% reduction in operational costs and a return on investment in 2.9 years. The project is based on an exhaustive analysis of technical alternatives, validation of the business model using the Canvas methodology, and strict compliance with the Colombian regulatory framework (Law 675 of 2001, Law 1581 of 2012, RETIE, RETILAP). Expected results include significant improvements in operational efficiency, security, environmental sustainability, and quality of life for residents, positioning Building BQ 45 C as a replicable model of digital transformation in Colombia's horizontal property sector.