Inmunidad Procedente de la Dicotomía del Régimen de Aforados Constitucionales: Entre la Teoría y la Práctica en Colombia, Ecuador y Chile como Países Presidencialistas

Abstract

In the Colombian case, the procedure stipulated in the national regulations to investigate, accuse, and try high-ranking dignitaries has been very flexible and, one could say, unproductive. These high dignitaries are: the President of the Republic, the Magistrates of the High Courts and the Attorney General of the Nation. It is they who hold the highest hierarchy within our legal system and, like all state officials, must fulfill their functions. It is necessary to bear in mind that these officials, by virtue of the constitutional jurisdiction that covers them and precisely because of their special investiture, must be investigated, charged and tried by a special body. This special body, for the Colombian case, is the Commission of Accusations of the House of Representatives. However, throughout history it had not been possible to complete any accusation, investigation and trial procedure of any President of the Republic of Colombia, nor a magistrate of the high courts; With the exception of the political trial during the years 1958 and 1959 against General Gustavo Rojas Pinilla and the ruling issued by the Supreme Court of Justice, in the second half of 2019, against former magistrate Jorge Ignacio Pretelt, as responsible for the crime of concussion. To date, in Colombia it had never been possible to exhaust or even continue the accusation stage, much less the trial stage of high officials of the public power. In this sense, what is sought with this investigation is to compare and analyze the regulations, procedure, structure and powers used by state institutions that are in charge of hearing and carrying out an investigation, accusation and trial against the President of the Republic, as high state dignitaries of Colombia and their counterparts in Ecuador and Chile, by virtue of the guidelines of each of these countries for these dignitaries as graduates; As well as the factual and political scenario in which such functions are developed within the government system of these three Latin American countries will also be studied.