Dimensionamiento de una Instalación Solar Fotovoltaica que Permita Satisfacer la Demanda de Energía Eléctrica de una Vivienda Residencial de Estrato Medio en la Ciudad de Bogotá

Abstract

The research analyzes the economic feasibility of implementing a photovoltaic solar panel system in a middleincome home in Bogotá. To this end, detailed information was collected on the home's energy consumption and solar irradiation conditions in the area, and appropriate system components were selected. A comprehensive economic analysis was applied, considering the initial investment, payback time, and projected profits over 25 years. Technical calculations were performed using the "worst month" methodology, identifying the period in which it is most difficult to meet energy demand with solar energy. This methodology demonstrated that installing four panels connected to the electricity grid would meet the home's energy demand. The results showed that the system would generate significant savings in electricity consumption and reduce CO₂ emissions by approximately 118 kg per year. The initial investment (COP 5.725.087) would be recovered in 4.7 years, reaching an estimated profit of COP 225.015.860 over 25 years, demonstrating that the implementation is not only profitable but also environmentally sustainable, consolidating its position as an effective alternative for reducing costs and mitigating environmental impacts in urban residential areas.