Habilidades Visuales, Desde la Revisión de la Literatura, en Pacientes con Trastorno de Atención e Hiperactividad (TDAH)

Abstract

Introduction: Visual skills are the ability to sustain a visual act without effort, for example, the pursuit of a moving object, these can be affected by particularities of the individual's behavior, given by neurological disorders such as ADHD. Objectives: To analyze the visual abilities in patients with ADHD as reported in the literature. Describe the sociodemographic characteristics of the study population. Identify ocular abnormalities that occur in patients with ADHD. Methodology: A systematic review was carried out in different databases and indexed journals in patients with ADHD, using search equations in the different health descriptors. Results: The sample was made up of 8 articles that met the selection criteria, studying with an antiquity that did not exceed 15 years (2009 to 2019), 62.5% (5 documents) are graduate work, and 75% They were published in Spanish. Conclusions: An apparent relationship between ADHD and visual abilities alterations is evidenced, this may be a statistical association and not a causal relationship, being between 5 and 15 years the most frequent ages in which alterations are found, in 30 to 70 % persist into adult life. In oculomotor skills the presence of typology 1 predominates in the DEM test in children with ADHD. Their accommodative abilities show a good range of accommodation and accommodative flexibility. Finally, these patients present with orthophorias, high exophoria and that in some cases decompensate to exotropia, which is associated with the decline in their accommodative convergence, which is reflected in the CPP and RFP results, values outside the normal ranges.