Barreras y oportunidades para la adopción e implementación de inteligencia artificial en las empresas de Villavicencio (Meta)

Abstract

This study aimed to identify the main barriers and opportunities for the adoption of artificial intelligence in small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in Villavicencio, and to propose actions that guide responsible and effective implementation. A selective literature review with an analytical and reflective approach was conducted, structured around the technology–organization–environment framework, user acceptance constructs, and dynamic capabilities, and triangulated with risk management frameworks (NIST, ISO/IEC) and recent statistics for Colombia. The main results show, as barriers, low data maturity, shortcomings in managerial and technical capabilities, process fragmentation, and limited technical–operational documentation; and, as opportunities, the high connectivity of the Meta region, the economic centrality of Villavicencio, and the availability of algorithmic governance standards and public policies for digital transformation. Additionally, the findings confirm an early diffusion of AI in the country, with concentrated use cases in administrative support and manufacturing adoption close to 6% in 2019–2020, along with a repertoire of applications that enables gradual maturity pathways, according to the compiled evidence. The conclusions indicate that sustainable adoption requires sequences of early–return use cases, institutionalization of a minimum viable data governance framework, documentation and risk assessment, and alignment with public procurement and local clusters. The relevance of this study in the field of organizational management and digital transformation lies in providing a contextualized roadmap for SMEs in intermediate cities, expanding the Latin American empirical base on responsible AI implementation