Formulación de un plan de mantenimiento predictivo para un equipo de Soldadura por Fricción Rotacional

Abstract

The rotary friction welding equipment, located in the metallurgical engineering laboratories of the Universidad Pedagógica y Tecnológica de Colombia, is a key tool in academic training and research on solid-state welding. To ensure the reliability of experimental results and extend the equipment's service life, it is essential to implement appropriate maintenance strategies. In this context, a predictive maintenance plan was designed, which, through visual inspections and on-site visits, allowed for the assessment of its operational status and working environment. The applied methodology follows the (ISO 14224, 2016) standard, including a taxonomic analysis, the definition of operational limits, and the coding of systems and components to facilitate failure analysis. Using a root cause diagram, failure mechanisms related to vibrations during welding, electrical and instrumentation failures, as well as issues caused by unauthorized handling, were identified. These findings were compared with Tables B.2 and B.3 of the (ISO 14224, 2016) standard. Based on the obtained results, specific predictive actions were proposed, such as thermography, magnetic particle testing, and hydraulic oil analysis, complemented by a standardized inspection format. The documentation of the operational history will allow for a more accurate analysis to efficiently schedule predictive maintenance while aligning with the available budget. Furthermore, this methodology not only optimizes the performance of the studied equipment but can also be applied to other machinery requiring evaluation and optimization.