Variación de la evapotranspiración potencial y su relación con el arbolado urbano en tres zonas de Villavicencio – Meta

Abstract

This degree work is presented under the form of a research assistant, being a contribution to the research project "Analysis of the ecosystemic service for temperature regulation in the urban microclimate that is provided by the trees in three areas of Villavicencio", therefore, the main objective is to determine the variation in potential evapotranspiration (PET) and its relationship with the urban trees in three areas of the municipality of Villavicencio - Meta. For the development of the project, the composition of the urban trees was analyzed by quantifying its dasometric variables (DBH, total height, basic density of the wood and species), then the average total biomass was calculated in each of the points and used in-situ measurements of the variable air temperature and obtaining secondary sources of incident solar radiation, the above during a period of 5 days in each study area. To estimate potential evapotranspiration, the Hargreaves method was used; finally, the behavior between the three study areas was compared through an ANOVA analysis of variance and the association between potential evapotranspiration and biomass was evaluated using a Spearman correlation test. The results of the research showed a total of 704 forest individuals, belonging to 64,1%, 15,2% and 20,7% for the areas of Esmeralda, Catumare and Cofrem, respectively, of which 71,16% correspond In the tree type, 19,60% are shrubs and 15,05% belong to palms, with a total biomass of 211499,02 Kg (211,499 Ton) where Cofrem, Catumare and La Esmeralda constitute 3,89%, 19,64% and 76,47% respectively. The species that contain the highest biomass correspond to Albizia saman, Mangifera indica and Cedrela odorata. On the other hand, the estimated values of potential evapotranspiration were higher in the Catumare area (3.5 mm/day), followed by Esmeralda (3.3 mm/day) and Cofrem (2.6 mm/day) influenced mainly by radiation and temperatures measurements that ranged from 27,4 ° C to 31,0 ° C. The ANOVA analyzes of variance reflected high levels of significance between the ETP measurement points of each zone, and the Tukey test verified the degree of similarity that exists between the Esmeralda and Catumare zones. Finally, Spearman's correlation analyzes indicated a positive correlation between ETP and biomass, which group the environmental and dasometric variables.