Efecto de la Angulación de los Implantes y Geometría de la Barra en el Comportamiento Biomecánico de Prótesis Hibridas Implanto-Soportadas

Abstract

Motivation: Treatment options for the reconstruction of teeth in completely edentulous patients are of utmost importance. It is necessary to replace missing teeth to avoid problems such as bone wear and to restore the phonetic and chewing functions of the jaw. Given the significance of this type of rehabilitation, reducing the risks of failure and achieving the design of a functional prosthesis becomes crucial. Problem Statement: The implementation of implant-supported prostheses brings several benefits. This system, anchored with implants to the bone tissue, can provide good stability and durability in the total rehabilitation process of the denture. However, a decisive factor for this type of prosthesis is the lack of a bar design depending on the implants. Methodology: Six study cases were modeled under loading conditions, considering the elements necessary for fixing a prosthesis to bone tissue (implants, abutments, support bar, and fixing screw). Subsequently, predetermined conditions (materials, model discretization, and mechanical contacts) were established to simulate a chewing case using the finite element (FE) methodology. Results: The maximum von Mises stresses in all the elements of the models are induced by the implants, reaching a maximum of 364 MPa under the established loading conditions. However, the bone tissue, while presenting lower stresses compared to other elements of the set, is prone to failure since the stresses, in some cases, exceed the yield stresses of the material. Conclusion: Based on the simulation results, the a-t model proves to be the most functional, as the tensile stresses in the trabecular tissue are less high.