Pregrado Ingeniería Mecánica

URI permanente para esta colecciónhttp://hdl.handle.net/11634/209

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Desarrollo de una prótesis de mano autónoma con control mioeléctrico para agarre cilíndrico e impresión 3D, operada mediante señales de electromiografía, dirigida a personas con amputación de muñeca en Colombia
(Universidad Santo Tomás, 2026-09-21) Millan Castro, Gabriel David; Maldonado Moreno, Jerson Fabian; Universidad Santo Tomás; https://scienti.minciencias.gov.co/cvlac/visualizador/generarCurriculoCv.do?cod_rh=0001712701; https://scholar.google.es/citations?hl=es&user=uRbUPY0AAAAJ&scilu=&scisig=AMD79ooAAAAAY4TC_QQaJ-vuzqcbyHlq4PrrSfuKuSSn&gmla=AJsN-F6MrzbVxRU5sjJmSAp44MFRC7hNNIktxgWtD8MYd8q6XsLGqNWOr61BiEPBA-MBsvBWsX01xFdJ6EWHM5l1YL4v8V7itEr0-6wHkrcfWRqXpEt3ZrW1tBWKORvpJcXsazcgI-; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4919-6150
This work presents the design and simulation of a low-cost myoelectric hand prosthesis focused on cylindrical grasping as an accessible alternative to existing commercial solutions. From an applied mechanical engineering perspective, the project integrates mechatronic design principles, additive manufacturing, and surface electromyographic (sEMG) signal acquisition to develop a functional, reproducible, and economically viable device. The methodology follows a sequential engineering design process, beginning with the definition of functional, geometric, and structural requirements based on anthropometric criteria of an average adult population. Based on these requirements, a complete CAD model of the prosthesis was developed, incorporating a direct actuation architecture using servomotors and eliminating tendon-driven transmission systems. This approach simplifies system kinematics, assembly, and maintenance. Material selection prioritized mechanical strength, low weight, manufacturability, and cost efficiency. Structural validation was performed through finite element simulations under load scenarios associated with functional grasping, showing stresses and deformations within acceptable limits. Additionally, the cylindrical grasp motion was simulated to verify finger range of motion and force transmission. In parallel, the electrical performance of the system was estimated, determining energy consumption, required power, and the feasibility of an appropriate power supply. Overall, the results demonstrate that the proposed design meets the established objectives and provides a solid foundation for future fabrication and experimental validation.
Modelación y análisis hidrodinámico de un vórtice gravitacional mediante simulación CFD: influencia del diámetro y del ángulo de entrada sobre el rendimiento del flujo.
(Universidad Santo Tomás, 2026-09-18) Garay Moreno, Juan Sebastian; Vaca Rios, John Jairo; Universidad Santo Tomás; https://scienti.minciencias.gov.co/cvlac/visualizador/generarCurriculoCv.do?cod_rh=0001495766; https://scholar.google.com.br/citations?view_op=list_works&hl=pt-BR&hl=pt-BR&user=yyIfX1MAAAAJ; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0637-7277
The project addresses the simulation of gravitational vortices in hydraulic systems, a highly complex phenomenon that combines principles of hydrodynamics, fluid mechanics, and gravitational effects. These vortices are crucial in the design and operation of infrastructure such as dams, canals, and drainage networks, making their study key to ensuring both structural safety and environmental sustainability. Using advanced computational simulation tools, the influence of vortex geometry on fundamental variables, including flow velocity and efficiency, was analyzed. The central purpose is to deepen the understanding of their behavior and propose effective strategies for their control and mitigation, with the aim of optimizing the performance of hydraulic structures and reducing associated risks. The research revealed that the vortex velocity can reach values up to five times higher than the inlet velocity thanks to the optimized geometric configuration. The combination of an 18 cm diameter and a 140° angle resulted in significantly higher velocities compared to the fluid inlet velocity. This increase highlights the effectiveness of the optimized design in improving the hydraulic system's performance.
Diseño de un modelo de mantenimiento preventivo para los equipos del laboratorio de procesos de manufactura de la Universidad Santo Tomás Seccional Villavicencio
(Universidad Santo Tomás, 2026-09-19) Estévez Troncoso, Juan Carlos; González Rojas, Leonardo; Universidad Santo Tomás
This project focused on designing a preventive maintenance model for the Manufacturing Processes Laboratory at Santo Tomás University Villavicencio, with the purpose of ensuring machine availability and improving workshop safety conditions. The study adopted a quantitative, descriptive, and documentary approach, supported by the review of manufacturer manuals, technical standards, and specialized literature in the maintenance field. To collect information, inventory formats, equipment characterization sheets, and failure diagnosis matrices were designed. The initial analysis revealed the absence of standardized maintenance routines, limited historical records, and a lack of preventive planning. Based on these findings, the parallel lathe, universal milling machine, and drill-milling machine were identified as priority equipment due to their frequent use and operational criticality during practical activities. In response, a technical procedures manual was developed to organize inspection, cleaning, lubrication, adjustment, and operational control tasks according to different maintenance intervals. The document also includes industrial safety standards, personal protective equipment requirements, and guidelines for handling common failures. Finally, a documentary control system was structured to record maintenance activities, monitor costs, and measure actual equipment availability, demonstrating that the proposed model strengthens technical management and supports the preservation of laboratory assets.
Propuesta metodológica para la optimización multiobjetivo del diseño de un mecanismo de piñón de rodillos-cremallera, utilizando técnicas de modelado paramétrico e inteligencia artificial
(Universidad Santo Tomás, 2026-10-09) Machuca Lizarazo, Richard William; García Barbosa, Jorge Andrés; Octavio Cortés, Henry; Posada Carvajal, Juan Sebastián; García Barbosa, Jorge Andrés; Universidad Santo Tomás; https://scienti.minciencias.gov.co/cvlac/visualizador/generarCurriculoCv.do?cod_rh=0000473600; https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=km7wEwIAAAAJ&hl=es&oi=ao; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7020-4688; https://orcid.org/0009-0002-4565-8140; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7020-4688
In conventional rack-and-pinion power transmission systems, the tooth geometry is based on the involute profile, which is widely documented in the technical literature for its ability to ensure a constant speed ratio under meshing conditions. However, this profile has inherent limitations, such as sliding friction, heat generation, and surface wear—factors that compromise efficiency and reduce the service life of the assembly. These effects are exacerbated in applications that require high precision in linear motion and minimal energy losses. As an alternative, configurations with non-involute profiles have been proposed, including roller drives, which favor rolling contact, significantly reducing friction and wear without sacrificing smoothness or continuity in motion transmission. However, the technical literature lacks comprehensive studies on the mechanical design principles applicable to this type of system, which limits its adoption in industrial settings. This paper proposes a systematic methodology for the optimized design of roller-type rack-and-pinion mechanisms, based on mechanical engineering criteria aimed at maximizing the system’s mechanical performance.
Elaboración de guías de laboratorio para el banco oleohidráulico de la división de ingenierías de la Universidad Santo Tomás sede principal
(Universidad Santo Tomás, 2026-10-08) Neira Giraldo, Sergio Alberto; Rodríguez Quintero, Javier Giovanny; Universidad Santo Tomás; https://scienti.minciencias.gov.co/cvlac/visualizador/generarCurriculoCv.do?cod_rh=0000085079; https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=idorx00AAAAJ&hl=es&oi=ao; https://orcid.org/0009-0003-2829-3263
This work focuses on the development of laboratory guides for teaching fluid power (oleohydraulic) systems in the training of mechanical engineers, particularly in the field of fluid power systems, where the hydraulic test bench of the School of Engineering at Universidad Santo Tomás (Main Campus) was being used without technical documentation or standardized protocols. The general objective was to develop laboratory guides to standardize the operation, preventive maintenance, and execution of experimental practices of the bench, aligned with the technical competencies required by industry. The methodology was organized into four phases, preceded by a systematic review of the literature and the state of the art: (1) technical characterization of the equipment through a detailed inventory of its components, functions, and specifications; (2) development of standard operating procedures (SOPs) for installation, start-up, calibration, variable measurement, safe operation, and shutdown; (3) design of a preventive maintenance plan with daily, monthly, and annual routines; and (4) structuring of laboratory practices based on ISO 1219 symbology. The results include the complete characterization of the bench —power unit, valves, actuators, instrumentation, and PLC + HMI control system—, eight SOPs, a preventive maintenance plan, and twenty-two laboratory guides (hydraulic, electrical, electro-hydraulic, and proportional). As a product of this theoretical and practical work, a support material is obtained — a laboratory handbook that integrates the operation and maintenance manual of the bench with the catalogue of practice guides—, which fosters consistent learning, optimizes the use of the institutional resource, and extends the equipment’s service life.
Diseño y prototipado de un dispositivo de sujeción mecánica para arterias
(Universidad Santo Tomás, 2026-10-08) Martínez Castro, Andrés Felipe; Soto Rozo, Juan Sebastián; Mejía de Alba , Manuel Felipe; Universidad Santo Tomás; https://scienti.minciencias.gov.co/cvlac/visualizador/generarCurriculoCv.do?cod_rh=0002401775; https://scienti.minciencias.gov.co/cvlac/visualizador/generarCurriculoCv.do?cod_rh=0001039970; https://orcid.org/0009-0002-9782-3195; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0751-9206
This research focuses on the design and development of a mechanical gripping device for biomechanical characterization tests applied to arteries. The project emerged from the difficulties observed during experimental testing of soft tissues, where conventional fixation systems exhibited problems related to misalignment, slippage, and non-uniform pressure distribution. These limitations directly affected the experimental stability and the repeatability of the results obtained during biomechanical testing. Therefore, the development of a fixation system capable of providing stable, adaptable, and reproducible clamping conditions was proposed, while minimizing mechanical alterations to the specimen. The project was developed through an iterative methodology based on the seven design steps proposed by David G. Ullman, which allowed the process of prototype generation, evaluation, and improvement to be systematically structured. Throughout the study, different geometric configurations were developed to improve mechanical stability, specimen alignment, and load distribution during testing. The prototypes were manufactured using additive manufacturing through 3D printing, enabling rapid geometric modifications and experimental evaluation of the system’s functional behavior. During preliminary testing, issues associated with dimensional tolerances, lateral displacements, and localized pressure concentrations were identified and progressively corrected through successive design iterations. Finally, the iterative development process resulted in a functional device capable of improving fixation conditions during biomechanical testing performed on arteries, providing greater experimental stability and enhancing the repeatability of the obtained results.
Failure analysis of transmissions subjected to repair in the colombian mininig automotive sector
(Universidad Santo Tomás, 2026-10-08) Durán Guerrero, Andrés Felipe; Luna Cristancho, Camio Andrés; Yara Ospina, Julián Andrés; García Rodríguez, Alejandro; Barriga, Camilo; Espejo, Edgar; Universidad Santo Tomás; https://scienti.minciencias.gov.co/cvlac/visualizador/generarCurriculoCv.do?cod_rh=0002232737; https://scienti.minciencias.gov.co/cvlac/visualizador/generarCurriculoCv.do?cod_rh=0002233136; https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=Od0edfgAAAAJ&hl=es&oi=ao; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2518-1093; https://orcid.org/0009-0009-0686-214X; https://orcid.org/0009-0004-1848-8179
The project focuses on the movable and fixed shaft transmission sent for repairing due to damage to thegears and the shaft. The process included several steps: first, a visual inspection was conducted to evaluate wear, corrosion, and impacts. The second step involved a stereoscopic analysis to identify roughness and crack marks. The third step consisted of a non-destructive inspection using magnetic particles. The fourth step included chemical composition tests, metallographic analysis, hardness tests, and examination with a scanning electron microscope (SEM). Based on these data, a hypothesis was formulated about the cause of the failure.
Análisis mecánico del perfil del diente de la cremallera para un mecanismo de piñón de rodillos y cremallera
(Universidad Santo Tomás, 2026-10-08) Posada Carvajal, Juan Sebastian; García Barbosa, Jorge Andrés; Universidad Santo Tomás; https://scienti.minciencias.gov.co/cvlac/visualizador/generarCurriculoCv.do?cod_rh=0000473600; https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=km7wEwIAAAAJ&hl=es&oi=ao; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7020-4688; https://orcid.org/0009-0002-4565-8140
Roller pinion and rack mechanisms represent an alternative for linear motion transmission due to their reduced sliding between contacting elements and their ability to maintain a constanttransmission ratio. This research analyzed the mechanical behavior of a rack tooth profile through geometric modeling, kinematic analysis, load determination throughout the meshing cycle, Hertzian contact analysis, and finite element analysis. Based on these analyses, a mechanical performance evaluation framework was developed using four indicators: structural resistance, model validation, relative deformation, and stress confinement. The results identified singlecontact conditions as the most critical stages of the meshing cycle, reaching maximum loads of 146.97 N, Hertzian contact pressures of 662.66 MPa, and a maximum contact stress of 406 MPa. Furthermore, finite element analysis distinguished the localized contact response from the global structural behavior of the tooth, obtaining a maximum equivalent structural stress of 60.68 MPa. The comparison between the 12-roller and 10-roller configurations demonstrated that reducing the number of rollers increases the transmitted loads and the stresses developed within the tooth profile, establishing the 12-roller configuration as the most favorable from a mechanical standpoint. It is concluded that the analyzed geometry constitutes a structurally viable solution and that the proposed mechanical performance evaluation framework provides an objective methodology for assessing rack tooth profiles in roller pinion mechanisms.
Diseño mecánico de una máquina trituradora para reutilización de polímeros.
(Universidad Santo Tomás, 2026-07-31) López Gil, Iván Felipe; García Barbosa, Jorge Andrés; Reyes Flores, Yamid Gonzalo; Universidad Santo Tomás; https://scienti.minciencias.gov.co/cvlac/visualizador/generarCurriculoCv.do?cod_rh=0000473600; https://scienti.minciencias.gov.co/cvlac/visualizador/generarCurriculoCv.do?cod_rh=0001522725; https://scienti.minciencias.gov.co/cvlac/visualizador/generarCurriculoCv.do?cod_rh=0002147305; https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=km7wEwIAAAAJ&hl=es&oi=ao; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7020-4688; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4982-6738
In Colombia, the increasing generation of plastic waste, particularly PET-type polymers, has become a significant environmental issue due to their low degradation rate and improper management. In this context, this project aims to design a mechanical crusher for polymer reuse in an academic environment, specifically at Universidad Santo Tomás. The project is based on mechanical design methodologies, particularly the process proposed by Ullman, integrating tools such as functional decomposition, PUGH matrix, and TRIZ matrix for optimal concept selection. Subsequently, a detailed design phase was developed, including torque calculations, motor selection, shaft dimensioning, transmission analysis, and material selection. As a result, a functional design of a crusher capable of processing 500 ml PET bottles was obtained, producing flakes between 5 and 8 mm in size while meeting operational, safety, and efficiency requirements. It is concluded that the proposed design is technically feasible for academic implementation, contributing to proper plastic waste management and promoting sustainable reuse practices.
Reynolds number driven void fraction and ionic resistivity in a modular membraneless flow-by electrolyzer
(Universidad Santo Tomás, 2026-07-25) Acevedo Rivillas, Esteban; Zapata Saad, Andrés José; Universidad Santo Tomás; https://scienti.minciencias.gov.co/cvlac/visualizador/generarCurriculoCv.do?cod_rh=0001494819; https://scienti.minciencias.gov.co/cvlac/visualizador/generarCurriculoCv.do?cod_rh=0002308136; https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=U3ngiMwAAAAJ&hl=es&oi=ao; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7270-3034; https://orcid.org/0009-0002-2017-7922
A modular membraneless flow-by electrolyzer was experimentally evaluated to determine how the Reynolds number (Re) governs the void fraction and the resulting ionic resistivity of the electrolyte. The study addressed the challenge of bubble-induced ohmic losses, a key limitation in membraneless hydrogen generators. The objective was to quantify the coupling between flow regime, gas holdup, and resistive behavior under controlled operating conditions. The prototype cell (active volume: X cm³, electrode gap: Y mm) was operated with KOH 1M and tested at flow rates corresponding to Re = A–B. Void fraction was measured using [método empleado, Directo  Análisis de video (Visualización óptica / PIV simplificada), Indirecto  A partir de conductividad efectiva], and electrolyte resistivity was obtained from polarization data at current densities of C–D A·cm⁻². An increase in Re from R₁ to R₂ reduced the void fraction by V%, and the ionic resistivity decreased by W%, leading to an improvement of energy efficiency of E%. Hydrogen generation rate reached F mmol·h⁻¹·cm⁻² at the highest Re tested. These trends were consistent with CFD predictions, which showed thinning of the ionic boundary layer and enhanced convective renewal near the electrode surfaces. Overall, the results demonstrated that manipulating the flow regime is an effective mechanism to mitigate bubble accumulation and reduce ohmic penalties in membraneless systems. These findings support the development of low-cost, scalable hydrogen generators as an alternative to PEM devices, with potential ohmic losses reduced by up to G% relative to reference membrane-based benchmarks.
Predictive maintenance using administrative work orders: A machine learning framework for failure criticality classification.
(Universidad Santo Tomás, 2026-07-21) Cruz Martínez, Juan Andrés; García Rodriguez, Alejandro; Universidad Santo Tomas; 0009-0008-8952-0198
This study evaluates the feasibility of predictive maintenance using only historical correc-tive maintenance records from a food industry plant, without sensor data. The dataset comprised 6,731 failure events across 664 machines, with nine operational variables. Failure criticality was classified into low (≤23 min), medium (24–44 min), and high (>44 min) based on downtime percentiles. Three tree based models (Random Forest, XGBoost, LightGBM) and a multilayer perceptron were developed. Hyperparameter optimization was performed using RandomizedSearchCV and Optuna, the latter with a custom gap penalized objective function to mitigate overfitting. A chronological split (70/15/15) respected temporal order. The best model, XGBoost with gap penalized Optuna, achieved a test Macro F1 of 0.3829 and a weighted F1 of 0.4871, with a minimal generalization gap. The neural network obtained the highest weighted F1 (0.5512) but failed on the medium criticality class. Results confirm that administrative records alone have a structural pre-dictive ceiling, and that explicit gap penalization is effective for boosting models. The proposed framework enables systematic comparison of tree based and neural models for failure criticality classification using only work order logs. While statistical methods such as ANOVA can establish whether significant differences exist between operational groups, they do not provide a predictive framework capable of classifying new failure events at the moment they occur. Conversely, machine learning models are designed to identify and generalize patterns from historical data, but do not inherently explain the statistical structure of the underlying variables. This study addresses both dimensions in a complementary fashion: ANOVA and post-hoc Tukey HSD tests are used to statistically validate the relevance of machine identity, work shift interaction, and technician count on equipment downtime, while machine learning models are subsequently developed to as-sess whether those patterns are learnable and generalizable to unseen failure events. This dual approach enables a more complete characterization of industrial failure dynamics than either method alone.
Diseño de una máquina para cuádriceps para gimnasios al aire libre
(Universidad Santo Tomás, 2026-07-21) López Garzón, Jhefry; Clavijo Vargas, Andrés Gerardo; Universidad Santo Tomás; https://scienti.minciencias.gov.co/cvlac/visualizador/generarCurriculoCv.do?cod_rh=0000063999; https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=z4SFdG8AAAAJ&hl=es&oi=ao; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7243-1833
This project involves the design of a machine for performing leg extension exercises, intended to exercise the quadriceps muscle group in the lower body. The main objective was to generate greater physical benefits and ensure that the equipment could be used by the entire population without any restriction. The design was conceived for installation in outdoor gyms, taking as reference the models available on the market for this type of exercise; however, both the dimensions and the operation of the machine are the result of an exhaustive search for the optimal model, one that meets all the constraints established in the project. Among the requirements is the optimization of available resources, reducing the magnitude of the load without affecting the resistance of the exercise. The alternative that best met the proposed constraints was selected, and based on it, the detailed design of the machine was carried out to verify its suitability for the target population. Relevant force calculations were performed in order to verify the efficiency of resource use, and based on these results, the necessary components and raw materials were selected.
Diseño y Construcción de un Sistema de Cortinas Plegables para Invernaderos Tipo Asimétrico
(Universidad Santo Tomás, 2026-07-28) Salcedo Rojas, Miguel Angel; Hernandez Molano, Alonso; Universidad Santo Tomás; https://scienti.minciencias.gov.co/cvlac/visualizador/generarCurriculoCv.do?cod_rh=0000931411; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6944-2822
The Elite Flower is a Colombian organization with over 30 years of experience in the production and marketing of ornamental flowers, whose main market is in North America. Currently, the company has several national and international locations and has experienced exponential growth, expanding its presence to countries such as Canada and the United States, as well as regions in Africa and the United Kingdom. As a result of this expansion, the company invests in innovation projects aimed at optimizing its internal processes, from the cultivation stage to post-harvest. For this reason, they are currently importing greenhouses from Israel. These greenhouses are known as asymmetrical or tropical greenhouses. This type of greenhouse is characterized by a roof opening called a ridge, which is very beneficial during the summer months as it allows for natural ventilation of the flowers. The problem arises on rainy days because the ridge allows a lot of humidity to enter, which damages the flowers inside the greenhouse. Currently, the company uses a manual system to cover the ridge. The problem with this system is that the process takes about twenty minutes, and this time is detrimental to the flowers.
Propuesta de plan de mantenimiento preventivo para equipos comerciales en puntos de venta del sector alimenticio
(Universidad Santo Tomás, 2026-07-07) Suárez Gómez, Nicolás; Ardila Suárez, Santiago; Rugelis Vasquez, Demis Gerardo; Silva Larrota, Jorge René; Universidad Santo Tomás; https://scienti.minciencias.gov.co/cvlac/visualizador/generarCurriculoCv.do?cod_rh=0000384844; https://orcid.org/0009-0001-2146-6841
This study proposes a preventive maintenance plan for commercial equipment used in the Bogotá Norte district of a food retail company to improve operational reliability, reduce equipment failures, and optimize asset management. The research begins with a diagnosis of an existing maintenance strategy characterized by a predominantly corrective approach, as evidenced by historical data extracted from the Computerized Maintenance Management System (CMMS), where approximately 90% of maintenance activities were corrective and only 10% were preventive. This imbalance resulted in increased operational costs, reduced equipment availability, and inefficient allocation of technical resources.The proposed methodology integrates operational context analysis, a criticality assessment matrix, Failure Modes and Effects Analysis (FMEA), and Reliability-Centered Maintenance (RCM) principles to prioritize critical assets and establish maintenance tasks according to their operational risk. In addition, reliability and maintainability indicators, including Mean Time Between Failures (MTBF), Mean Time to Failure (MTTF), Mean Time to Repair (MTTR), and the Corrective-to-Preventive Maintenance Indicator (ICP), were applied alongside Pareto analysis to identify the equipment responsible for the highest failure rates, particularly refrigeration systems that support the cold chain. The resulting preventive maintenance plan provides a structured framework for optimizing maintenance scheduling, strengthening the use of the CMMS, and improving equipment availability and reliability. The proposed strategy is expected to reduce maintenance costs, extend asset service life, minimize product losses, and enhance business continuity. Furthermore, the methodology offers a practical and scalable model that can be replicated across other operational districts and organizations within the food retail sector, supporting a transition from reactive to reliability-based maintenance management
Convalidación de las Operaciones del Convertidor Adaptado a un Torno Paralelo
(Universidad Santo Tomás, 2026-07-08) Leal Buitrago, Santiago Leal; Acosta Joya, Luis Fernando; Universidad Santo Tomás; https://scienti.minciencias.gov.co/cvlac/visualizador/generarCurriculoCv.do?cod_rh=0001394964; https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=AAXeatoAAAAJ&hl=es
The objective of this study was to experimentally validate a motion converter, an adaptable tool for a lathe. This device is designed to transform the rotational motion of the spindle into a reciprocating linear motion of the tool holder, making it possible to perform machining operations that cannot be carried out using the conventional lathe configuration. The methodology developed was organized into five stages. In the first stage, the system was commissioned by ensuring the proper alignment, assembly, and operation of the transmission mechanisms, indexing head, gearbox, and slide assembly. In the second stage, machining operations were identified and selected, establishing the functional capabilities of the equipment to perform flat machining, angular machining, bevel generation, and surface preparation for gear-related applications. The third stage consisted of the parameterization of the device operations and configurations, in which the operating variables required for each process were defined. This stage made it possible to establish repeatable working conditions and document the operating limits of the prototype. In the fourth stage, the operation manual and the experimental validation procedures were developed. These documents included installation methods, configuration procedures, recommended safety measures, and the execution sequence for each operation. The tests carried out enabled the evaluation of the mechanical behavior of the equipment and confirmed the effectiveness of the predefined configurations. Finally, the fifth stage involved the final validation, which consisted of consolidating the results obtained during testing and assessing the overall performance of the converter. The results demonstrated that the device successfully fulfills its primary function of transforming rotational motion into controlled linear motion. The study concluded that the converter is an effective solution for expanding the capabilities of a conventional lathe, as it enables the execution of various machining operations through adjustable configurations and standardized procedures. Furthermore, significant potential for improvement was identified through future design modifications, which could further increase the versatility and range of applications of the equipment.
Comparative analysis of spectrogram-based transformations for acoustic classification of SMAW weld quality using machine learning
(Universidad Santo Tomás, 2026-05-12) Lara Munevar, Sergio Eduardo; Barriga Castellanos, Christian Camilo; García Rodríguez, Alejandro; Montaño Morales , Héctor Fabio; Universidad Santo Tomás; Escuela Tecnológica Instituto Técnico Central; Universidad Nacional de Colombia; https://scienti.minciencias.gov.co/cvlac/visualizador/generarCurriculoCv.do?cod_rh=0000103682; https://scienti.minciencias.gov.co/cvlac/visualizador/generarCurriculoCv.do?cod_rh=0002175424; https://scienti.minciencias.gov.co/cvlac/visualizador/generarCurriculoCv.do?cod_rh=0001370741; https://scienti.minciencias.gov.co/cvlac/visualizador/generarCurriculoCv.do?cod_rh=0000049022; https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=Od0edfgAAAAJ&hl=es&oi=ao; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7258-8857; https://orcid.org/0009-0003-8859-1529; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7146-7482; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0501-2567
This study evaluates the feasibility of acoustic signal analysis using different spectrographic transformation methods as a tool for assessing the quality of welding beads produced through the Shielded Metal Arc Welding (SMAW) process. Acoustic emissions were recorded during manual welding operations under controlled experimental conditions, using E6013 electrodes on A36 carbon steel plates. From the acoustic recordings of 400 welding samples, previously classified as accepted or rejected, two fundamental acoustic descriptors were extracted: the fundamental frequency (F0) and the harmonic-to-noise ratio (HNR). These were analysed using parametric and non-parametric metrics to evaluate their discriminative capability. In addition, multiple supervised classifiers were trained and validated using stratified eight-fold cross-validation. The proposed framework enables a systematic comparison of different signal transformations and classification models for the evaluation of SMAW welding quality. Among the evaluated models (SVC, Gradient Boosting, and Extra Trees), precision rates of 90–95% were observed using Spectral Contrast, MEL, and CQT transformations. The results demonstrate that the implementation of various acoustic signal-based models and transformations for welding inspection offers a scalable and cost-effective solution for industrial quality control.
Propuesta de deshidratador solar para secado de alimentos
(Universidad Santo Tomás, 2026-05-12) Escalante Joven, Paula Andrea; García Bernal, Juan Camilo; Clavijo Vargas, Andrés Gerardo; Universidad Santo Tomás; https://scienti.minciencias.gov.co/cvlac/visualizador/generarCurriculoCv.do?cod_rh=0000063999; https://scienti.minciencias.gov.co/cvlac/visualizador/generarCurriculoCv.do?cod_rh=0002277222; https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=z4SFdG8AAAAJ&hl=es&oi=ao; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7243-1833; https://orcid.org/0009-0002-3607-0265
This study proposes the design and evaluation of a solar dehydrator aimed at drying food products by harnessing solar thermal energy, with the objective of minimizing conventional energy consumption and reducing the environmental impact associated with industrial dehydration processes. The research addresses the need for efficient, safe, and sustainable food preservation methods, avoiding excessive fossil fuel use and reducing post-harvest losses. The dehydrator is based on a mixed indirect configuration, combining a flat-plate solar air collector for heating and a vertical drying chamber with stacked trays, optimizing convective airflow and heat transfer. The design considers critical parameters such as available solar radiation, local climatic conditions, load capacity, thermal efficiency, and required drying time to achieve a 90% moisture reduction in selected agricultural products (habanero chili and tomato). Results show that under typical solar radiation conditions in high-insolation regions, the system can achieve significant drying with low operating costs, contributing to energy sustainability and offering a practical alternative for small-scale producers and rural communities. Finally, recommendations are provided for design optimization and system scalability toward commercial applications.
Elaboración de un protocolo para el monitoreo de vibraciones estructurales en motocompresores horizontales para extracción de gas
(Universidad Santo Tomás, 2026-05-12) Leguizamón Motta , Andrés Felipe; Cifuentes Lisarazo , Sergio Alejandro; Silva Larotta, Jorge René; Universidad Santo Tomás; https://scienti.minciencias.gov.co/cvlac/visualizador/generarCurriculoCv.do?cod_rh=0000384844; https://orcid.org/0009-0001-2146-6841
This research developed a structural vibration monitoring protocol for horizontal engine-compressor units used in gas extraction processes, aiming to strengthen predictive maintenance strategies and prevent failures associated with structural integrity issues. The methodology included the review and analysis of international standards such as the European Forum for Reciprocating Compressors guidelines and applicable International Organization for Standardization standards for vibration diagnostics, as well as the characterization of the main structural excitation sources in this type of equipment. Based on this, a measurement, data acquisition, and analysis protocol was designed using portable instrumentation and spectral analysis techniques. Subsequently, the protocol was implemented in a real case study, enabling the identification of structural resonance and mechanical looseness in the skid and piping system. Corrective actions derived from the diagnosis significantly reduced vibration levels at critical points, validating the effectiveness of the proposed protocol as a technical tool for decision-making in industrial predictive maintenance programs.
"Planeación y Programación de Mantenimiento Predictivo, Normativas y Aplicabilidades en la Industria Petrolera"
(Universidad Santo Tomás, 0026-02-26) De La Torre Mendoza, Damid De Jesús; Vargas Bello, Guillermo Leonardo
Implementación de un procedimiento de soldadura (WPS) y su registro de calificación (PQR) en cumplimiento con la norma API 1104 para GR Ingeobras S.A.S. Pasantía Empresarial - Informe Técnico
(Universidad Santo Tomás, 2025-12-19) Ruíz Chacón, Hugo Camilo; Vergara Lozano, Giovanny Andrés; Universidad Santo Tómás; https://scienti.minciencias.gov.co/cvlac/visualizador/generarCurriculoCv.do?cod_rh=0001706227; https://scholar.google.com/citations?hl=es&authuser=1&user=Zq5r6LYAAAAJ; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7455-882X

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