Magnitude and frequency of heat and cold waves in recent decades: the case of South America
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2016-03-21
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Abstract
In recent decades there has been an increase in
magnitude and occurrence of heat waves and a decrease
of cold waves, both of which may be related to the anthropogenic
influence. This study describes the extreme
temperature regime of heat waves and cold waves across
South America over recent years (1980–2014). Temperature
records come from the Global Surface Summary of the Day
(GSOD), a climatological data set produced by the National
Climatic Data Center that provides records of daily maximum
and minimum temperatures acquired worldwide. The
magnitude of heat waves and cold waves for each GSOD station
are quantified on an annual basis by means of the Heat
Wave Magnitude Index and the ColdWave Magnitude Index.
Results indicate an increase in intensity and in frequency of
heat waves, especially in the last 10 years. Conversely, no
significant changes are detected for cold waves. In addition,
the trend of the annual temperature range (i.e. yearly mean
of Tmax – yearly mean of Tmin) is positive – up to 1 C per
decade – over the extratropics and negative – up to 0.5 C
per decade – over the tropics.
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