Biofiltros para el Tratamiento de Aguas Residuales de Minas de Carbón Aplicación de Consorcios Bacterianos Acidófilos y Sulfatoreductores en Sistemas Integrados de Biofiltración a Escala de Laboratorio

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dc.contributor.advisorDíaz Bello, Sandra Consuelo
dc.contributor.authorPérez Morales, Ana María
dc.contributor.corporatenameUniversidad Santo Tomás
dc.contributor.cvlachttps://scienti.minciencias.gov.co/cvlac/visualizador/generarCurriculoCv.do?cod_rh=0000773050
dc.contributor.googlescholarhttps://scholar.google.es/citations?user=up11esMAAAAJ&hl=es
dc.contributor.orcidhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-8114-6655
dc.date.accessioned2026-09-28T21:00:06Z
dc.date.available2026-09-28T21:00:06Z
dc.date.issued2026-09-23
dc.descriptionEl drenaje ácido de mina (DAM) derivado de la explotación de la industria del carbón en Colombia constituye una grave problemática ambiental que afecta principalmente las cuencas de Boyacá, Cundinamarca y Norte de Santander, con niveles extremos de acidez y altas concentraciones de sulfatos que superan los límites establecidos por la normativa nacional. Esta revisión bibliográfica, desarrollada con fines investigativos, analiza el estado del arte de las tecnologías bilógicas para el tratamiento del DAM, con énfasis en un sistema integrado de biofiltración compuesto por biorreactores MBBR con bacterias acidófilas, reactores anaerobios con bacterias sulfatoreductoras y humedales artificiales. Basada en una amplia biblioteca de estudios especializados, la propuesta contempla cuatro etapas de tratamiento y eficiencias de remoción superiores al 90% para sulfatos y cercanas al 99% para varios metales pesados, obteniendo un efluente compatible con la normativa colombiana. El sistema representa una alternativa sostenible y económicamente viable para la minería de carbón de pequeña escala, incorporando además principios de economía circular mediante la recuperación de sulfuros metálicos aprovechables.
dc.description.abstractAcid mine drainage (AMD) resulting from coal mining operations in Colombia poses a serious environmental problem—particularly affecting the watersheds of Boyacá, Cundinamarca, and Norte de Santander—characterized by extreme acidity and sulfate concentrations that exceed limits set by national regulations. This literature review, conducted for research purposes, analyzes the state of the art regarding biological technologies for AMD treatment, focusing on an integrated biofiltration system comprising MBBR bioreactors utilizing acidophilic bacteria, anaerobic reactors with sulfate-reducing bacteria, and constructed wetlands. Based on an extensive body of specialized studies, the proposed system entails four treatment stages and achieves removal efficiencies exceeding 90% for sulfates and approaching 99% for various heavy metals, yielding an effluent that complies with Colombian regulations. The system represents a sustainable and economically viable alternative for small-scale coal mining, while also incorporating circular economy principles through the recovery of usable metal sulfides.
dc.description.degreelevelPregradospa
dc.description.degreenameIngeniero Ambientalspa
dc.description.domainhttp://www.ustatunja.edu.co/investigacion
dc.format.mimetypeapplication/pdf
dc.identifier.citationPérez Morales, A. M. (2026). Biofiltros para el Tratamiento de Aguas Residuales de Minas de Carbón Aplicación de Consorcios Bacterianos Acidófilos y Sulfatoreductores en Sistemas Integrados de Biofiltración a Escala de Laboratorio [Trabajo de Grado, Universidad Santo Tomás].Repositorio Institucional
dc.identifier.instnameinstname:Universidad Santo Tomásspa
dc.identifier.reponamereponame:Repositorio Institucional Universidad Santo Tomásspa
dc.identifier.repourlrepourl:https://repository.usta.edu.cospa
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/11634/74379
dc.language.isospa
dc.publisherUniversidad Santo Tomásspa
dc.publisher.branchCRAI-USTA Tunja
dc.publisher.facultyFacultad de Ingeniería Ambientalspa
dc.publisher.programPregrado de Ingeniería Ambientalspa
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dc.rightsAttribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 2.5 Colombiaen
dc.rights.accessrightsinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
dc.rights.coarhttp://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2
dc.rights.localAbierto (Texto Completo)spa
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/2.5/co/
dc.subject.keywordAcid Mine Drainage
dc.subject.keywordAMD
dc.subject.keywordBiofiltration
dc.subject.keywordAcidophilic Bacteria
dc.subject.keywordSulfate-Reducing Bacteria
dc.subject.keywordWastewater Treatment
dc.subject.keywordEnvironmental Biotechnology
dc.subject.keywordCircular Economy
dc.subject.proposalDrenaje Ácido de Minas
dc.subject.proposalDAM
dc.subject.proposalBiofiltración
dc.subject.proposalBacterias Acidófilas
dc.subject.proposalBacterias Sulfatoreductoras
dc.subject.proposalTratamiento de Aguas Residuales
dc.subject.proposalBiotecnologia Ambiental
dc.subject.proposalEconomía Circular
dc.titleBiofiltros para el Tratamiento de Aguas Residuales de Minas de Carbón Aplicación de Consorcios Bacterianos Acidófilos y Sulfatoreductores en Sistemas Integrados de Biofiltración a Escala de Laboratorio
dc.typebachelor thesis
dc.type.coarhttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_7a1f
dc.type.coarversionhttp://purl.org/coar/version/c_ab4af688f83e57aa
dc.type.driveinfo:eu-repo/semantics/bachelorThesis
dc.type.localTrabajo de Gradospa
dc.type.versioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersion

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