Propuesta de mejoramiento técnico y estratégico de la tecnología más usada a nivel nacional para el aprovechamiento de residuos de aparatos eléctricos y electrónicos RAEE, bajo el enfoque de economía circular

Abstract

Technologies for the management of Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment (WEEE), from computers and peripherals, are mainly aimed at the conception of reuse, reuse and recycling of discarded electrical and electronic equipment, specifically in remanufacturing, repair and reconditioning of said WEEE. However, the use of reuse and recycling technologies conceptualize the transformation of an inert material into another material for production processes, which determines that at the end of its life cycle, it is necessary to carry out final disposal processes with conventional methods such as confinement in security landfills, sanitary landfills and incineration. Considering the above, it is necessary to open up the integral management of WEEE, for applications through alternative and/or clean technologies that promote that the treatment of electronic waste is not limited only to the recycling and transformation of materials, but to the generation of an environmental service within the framework of the circular economy strategy promoted in recent years in the national territory. The objective of this research was to formulate a proposal for the technical and strategic improvement of the most used technology at the national level for the use of WEEE, under the circular economy approach. It is important to highlight that for the proposal the technologies applicable to the type of WEEE established were analyzed and with said analysis the proposal was formulated for improvement purposes. To fulfill this purpose, a comprehensive and in-depth analysis of the existing technologies in the current management of WEEE was carried out, a consultation was applied to WEEE experts on the research topic, developing a complete evaluation of WEEE technologies and establishing the calculation indicators of innovation and technological capacity; Based on the technical review carried out, a hierarchy and comparison of the technologies was formulated through the projection of a technological ranking to determine the most widely used technology for the use of existing WEEE at the national level, taking into account the analysis of the best available technologies. For the evaluation of technological alternatives at the national level, the ICI evaluation methodology was established. This methodology was developed with a systemic approach of three fundamental points for the application of WEEE technologies; the suitability of the technology, the consequence in terms of treatment of the WEEE material and the impact related to the environmental, social and economic component (Gemma Muñoz, 1997). Finally, the proposal for technical and strategic improvement was made, which according to the consultation with WEEE experts and the technological ranking proposed in this investigation, was determined as the most used technology at the national level, said proposal with emphasis on the replacement of the final disposition. of WEEE for the concept of use and application of the circular economy strategy.