Análisis del desarrollo tecnológico en la producción de biodiesel por ruta enzimática

Abstract

The energy transition in the world has boosted the production of biofuels. Colombia has come a long way as it is the main producer of palm oil in Latin America and the second in worldwide. Palm oil, a first generation oil, is a raw material in the production of biodiesel together with an alcohol and the catalyst. These raw materials must meet certain physicochemical characteristics to increase the conversion of triglycerides, diglycerides and monoglycerides to biodiesel. To further reduce the environmental impact, the production of biofuels is migrating to new methodologies that evaluate the use of first, second, third and fourth generation oils; alcohols other than methanol and ethanol. Likewise, the immobilized enzyme catalyst type is a technology that generates good conversions depending on the selection of enzyme for the transesterification or esterification reaction. Bacterial-type lipases such as Pseudomonas Candida Antarctica achieve conversions close to 80% with used palm oil (third generation), a conversion of 97% with cottonseed oil and methanol. Likewise, the reactors have gone from being Batch, CSTR, PFR or chemostat reactors to packed bed biological reactors - PBR, air lift reactors - ALR and bubble column reactor - BCR, which reduce shear stresses while maintaining integrity. of the enzymes. The monitoring and analysis of these new technologies was carried out with bibliometric tools under the search equation "biodiesel and reactor and enzyme or lipase and pubyear > 2011" generating a review of 256 publications.