Implementación de Aeronaves no Tripuladas para el Monitoreo de Zonas Deforestadas: Análisis de Literatura

Abstract

Deforestation is driven by human activities such as agriculture and mining, posing significant threats to the environment, society and the economy. The relevance of deforestation monitoring is highlighted, and unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) are presented as a promising technological option, offering temporal efficiency, reduced labor costs, and the ability to generate detailed images using a variety of sensors. Technological advances have made UAVs a valuable alternative for monitoring critical areas, even in inaccessible or dangerous locations.

A literature review was carried out using databases to search for the feasibility of UAV monitoring in deforested areas. Different types of UAVs and state-of-the-art sensors for monitoring environmental studies in deforestation were found, where it is concluded that multi-rotor UAVs with a LiDAR sensor are especially effective for deforestation monitoring due to the laser pulses that are made to measure the distance between the sensor and the forest surface, generating highly detailed three-dimensional maps of the terrain and forest cover. This capability provides accurate information on the vertical structure of the forest, allowing for a more complete assessment of forest health and change.