Diseño de un Equipo de Aplicación para Optimizar la Polinización asistida en el Cultivo de Palma de Aceite Híbrido Interespecífico OxG (Elaeis Oleifera X Elaeis Guineensis)

Abstract

In Colombia, the interspecific hybrid oil palm OxG (Elaeis oleifera × Elaeis guineensis) has become an important productive alternative in response to phytosanitary issues such as bud rot. However, this hybrid presents low natural pollination efficiency, which directly affects bunch formation and, consequently, crop productivity. In response to this limitation, assisted pollination has been implemented as a strategy to improve fruit set; nevertheless, the equipment currently used presents limitations related to dosage, application coverage, ergonomics, and operational performance. In this context, the objective of this study was to design an application device to optimize the assisted pollination process in OxG hybrid oil palm. A mixed-method approach was applied, including the technical evaluation of existing equipment, surveys conducted with operators and supervisors, and the analysis of operational and productive variables under field conditions. The results allowed the identification of significant limitations in traditional equipment, particularly in dosage variability, coverage, and operator working conditions. Based on these findings, a prototype device was proposed, improving application uniformity, ease of use, and overall process performance. It is concluded that the designed equipment represents a viable alternative to enhance assisted pollination efficiency, improve bunch quality, and contribute to the sustainability of oil palm cultivation in Colombia. Keywords: assisted pollination, oil palm, OxG hybrid, agricultural mechanization, productivity.