Efectividad de las perchas artificiales para aves como impulsores de la regeneración natural en bosques tropicales

Abstract

Tropical forests, as ecosystems rich in biodiversity and ecosystem services, currently face serious challenges due to deforestation. This disrupts key ecological processes, such as seed dispersal, hindering natural regeneration. In this context, artificial bird perches have emerged as an innovative and low-cost tool to promote forest regeneration. The present study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of bird perches as facilitators of natural regeneration in tropical forests and their potential contribution to ecological restoration. One of the most significant findings of this research is the high effectiveness of cross-stick perches, with seed dispersal rates ranging from 20% to 95%, depending on factors such as construction material, proximity to seed sources, and birds' behavioral adaptation. Despite these advances, natural barriers to seedling establishment persist, including soil compaction and competition with invasive species. These challenges highlight the importance of integrating complementary strategies, such as soil improvement and invasive species control, alongside the use of perches. Additionally, there is a pressing need for long-term studies to assess the effectiveness and sustainability of artificial perches over time. Based on the state of the art, it is recommended to expand the literature review to include a more systematic analysis that examines the interactions between birds and degraded ecosystems. Future studies should adopt longer timeframes to evaluate the long-term impacts of perches. Furthermore, it is crucial to consider local and regional contexts by exploring the use of perches in less-studied ecosystems, such as montane or dry forests. Lastly, addressing information gaps related to invasive species control is essential, as this would enable the development of strategies that integrate their management into restoration projects using artificial perches.