Evaluación del impacto ambiental potencial generado en la producción de carne de pollo mediante la metodología de análisis ciclo de vida “ACV” por atributos de la puerta a la puerta

Abstract

The present work consists in implementing the methodology of Life Cycle Analysis (LCA) according to the typology by attributes to the general poultry process (Transport, from fertile egg from the layer farm, Incubator, Transport of live chicken to fattening farm, farm of lift, transport of chicken to the Benefit Plant, benefit plant together with wastewater plant) of the company Avidesa Mac Pollo SA The purpose of the ACV analysis is to identify, classify and evaluate the potential environmental impacts (IAP) generated in the different unit operations that make up the life cycle of the chicken meat production process in Santander, Colombia. In the construction of the study, data from the poultry industry of a confidential nature will be used; inventories of previous studies of industry (environmental impacts generated by the consumption of electrical energy from a hydroelectric plant and impacts associated with the combustion of diesel) and literature (emissions associated with the generation of chicken manure) and direct calculations obtained from the tool of evaluation (software SIMAPRO 7.1, available version) according to the EDIP 2003 evaluation method. The functional unit of production will be 1 ton of chicken meat. The consumption of the mass and energy flow will be quantified on a calculation basis of 1 hour (mass in ton, energy in MJ). The scope of the LCA will consider the evaluation of the IAP from door to door, considering the stages of the poultry production cycle: transport (fertile eggs, poultry to fattening farm, chicken to beneficiation plant and chicken for final consumption), fertilization of egg (incubation), broiler production (bird growth) and poultry production (benefit plant). The study will consider the impacts associated with the consumption of raw materials such as: water, electricity, natural gas, chemical inputs (additives, flocculants, disinfectants, etc.) and the final disposal of waste (liquid, solid and gaseous). It is important to mention that the effect of capital goods (machinery, processing equipment, operation and transportation and buildings) for the stages of the aforementioned processes will not be taken into account. A diagnosis of the current state and operation of the company and a concise description of the subprocesses that make up the production process will be made, which will allow the identification of aspects and environmental impacts. In addition, the ACV methodology will be implemented taking as reference the Colombian Technical Standards (NTC-ISO 14040 and NTC-ISO 14044), which establish the criteria for the identification and creation of the environmental inventory, the analysis and interpretation of results, all with the help of the tool - software SimaPro 7.1. From the analysis obtained, alternatives to improve the process under study will be considered.