Maestría Ciencias y Tecnologías Ambientales

URI permanente para esta colecciónhttp://hdl.handle.net/11634/72709

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Mostrando 1 - 20 de 68

Ruta estratégica del monitoreo participativo en la Unidad Hidrográfica del Río Tona para el fortalecimiento de la gobernanza del río y su territorio
(Universidad Santo Tomás, 2026-04-29) Córdoba Castellanos, Adriana del Pilar; Cerón Vivas, Alexandra; Universidad Santo Tomás
Participatory monitoring is a conservation strategy used to collect field data in terms of water quality and quantity, involving the social actors who inhabit and benefit from the hydrographic unit. The data collected by the stakeholders are transmitted to the CDMB to be analyzed, validated, and disseminated, and subsequently discussed jointly with the stakeholders regarding the different conflicts and possible solutions. Considering the above, it is necessary to design a monitoring protocol that encompasses all actions for the design, implementation, and validation of participatory monitoring of the Tona River Hydrographic Unit.
Estudio cienciométrico de la relación entre la estructura, actividad biológica y toxicidad de nanopartículas de plata y oro
(Universidad Santo Tomás, 2026-03-02) Aguilar Acevedo, María Cecilia; Cervantes Díaz, Martha; Universidad Santo Tomás
The aim of this study was to analyze and characterize, from a scientometric perspective, the evolution and current state of knowledge on silver (AgNPs) and gold (AuNPs) metallic nanoparticles, with emphasis on their biological activity, toxicity, synthesis methods, and projection toward scientific and technological innovation. The study sought to identify research trends, knowledge gaps, and conceptual relationships that may serve as a foundation for future experimental and applied research. The methodology was based on a documentary and analytical approach developed in three phases: (i) retrieval and refinement of the scientific and technological corpus, (ii) scientometric analysis of temporal trends, research areas, and term co-occurrence, and (iii) text mining through the construction of relational matrices. A systematic search of scientific literature was conducted using the Scopus database, along with patent documents retrieved from the Lens Patent database, covering the period from 2014 to 2025. Data processing and visualization were supported by specialized tools such as VantagePoint, VOSviewer, Tree of Science, and Bibliometrix. The results reveal a strong centralization of the scientific literature around AgNPs, closely associated with key physicochemical properties such as size, morphology, and surface chemistry, confirming that the structure–property–biological response relationship constitutes the dominant conceptual axis of the field. In addition, antibacterial activity was identified as the most recurrent biological application, with an increasing trend toward the development of nanocomposites and hybrid systems aimed at improving stability, biocompatibility, and functional performance. Finally, the patent analysis demonstrated a high level of coherence between scientific production and its technological projection, mainly concentrated on biomedical applications and nanomaterial synthesis processes.
Análisis de Ciclo de Vida comparativo de sistemas para la producción sostenible de huevos de mesa: de lo convencional a la valorización energética de residuos en el centro de formación Aguas Calientes ubicado en El Playón, Santander
(Universidad Santo Tomás, 2025-12-11) Montañez Gallardo, Gissell Adriana; Avila Rojas, Omar Alberto; Universidad Santo Tomás
This study aimed to determine the environmental impact associated with table egg production at the Aguas Calientes Training Center in the municipality of El Playón (Santander), through the development of a baseline environmental inventory, the calculation of the carbon footprint using the Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) methodology in accordance with ISO 14040:2022, and the proposal of improvement strategies to reduce such impacts. Information from the production processes was collected, including energy, water, and input consumption, transportation, emissions, and waste generation, in order to construct the LCA inventory and model the system using SimaPro 9.6.0.1 software. The results showed that the main environmental impact categories were respiratory inorganics, global warming, and non-renewable energy use. These were mainly due to the emission of atmospheric pollutants resulting from manure decomposition and open-air composting, as well as the release of greenhouse gases during uncontrolled anaerobic fermentation and energy consumption in processes and transportation. Land occupation, carcinogen emissions, ecotoxicity, and terrestrial acidification/nitrification also made relevant contributions, associated with waste management and facility operation. Finally, to reduce impacts, different improvement scenarios were evaluated: 1 (composting), 2 (biogas production), 3 (electricity generation), and 4 (electricity utilization), 5(ideal). The comparative analysis showed that the latter was the most efficient, achieving the greatest overall reduction in impacts thanks to energy recovery. The study demonstrates that the integration of clean technologies, such as anaerobic digestion with energy recovery, not only significantly reduces the environmental footprint but also provides economic and energy self-sufficiency benefits to the production system.
Evaluación del poder desinfectante de aceites esenciales del género Cymbopogon frente a Staphylococcus aureus
(Universidad Santo Tomás, 2025-02-18) Plata Paredes, Laura Patricia; Cervantes Díaz, Martha; Herrera Sandoval, Laura Viviana
This study evaluated the disinfectant capacity of citronella (Cymbopogon nardus) and palmarosa (Cymbopogon martinii) essential oils against Staphylococcus aureus using the direct contact method. A scientometric analysis in databases like Scopus revealed a growing interest in Cymbopogon oils, especially since 2018, with applications in agriculture, biochemistry, chemistry, and microbiology. Chemical characterization through gas chromatography-mass spectrometry identified citronellal (41,5%), citronellol (20.7%), and geraniol (15.5%) as the main components in citronella oil, while palmarosa oil was dominated by geraniol (79.2%). At 4000 ppm, citronella oil achieved a logarithmic reduction of 2.34 (99.54%) in 10 minutes, whereas palmarosa oil achieved total elimination (100%) with a logarithmic reduction of 6 within the same time. At 2000 ppm, both oils showed efficacy above 97%. In comparison, sodium hypochlorite eliminated 99.9999% of S. aureus in 1-4 minutes, demonstrating superior speed and efficiency. However, essential oils offer advantages in terms of lower toxicity, safety, and environmental sustainability, positioning them as a promising alternative. Future research should focus on optimizing concentrations and oil combinations to enhance their effectiveness in sectors such as the food industry, healthcare, and sanitary safety.
Estudio exergoambiental de la implementación de un sistema de co-combustión biomasa-biogás, en una caldera de parrilla fija de una planta extractora de aceite.
(Universidad Santo Tomás, 2025-01-21) Beleño Mier, Odacyr; Díaz González, Carlos Alirio; Ávila Rojas, Omar Alberto
The objective of this research was to conduct an exergo-environmental analysis to stablish indicators for evaluating the environmental performance of a steam generation plant, when operated in four different ways: conventional without co-firing, conventional with co-firing, conventional with cogeneration and conventional with both co-firing and cogeneration. Mass balances, thermal efficiency calculations of the system, exergetic analysis, life cycle analysis, and exergoenvironmental analysis were performed on the plant under its different operating scenarios using Aspen PLUS 10.0® and SimaPro 9.0®. Using the obtained results, three exergo-environmental variables were calculated: the exergo-environmental performance coefficient η_B, the environmental impact flow associated with the destroyed exergy B ̇_D, and the total environmental impact flow of the system B ̇_TOTAL, for each operational mode of the plant. It was concluded that the maximum thermal and exergetic efficiencies of the plant are 65.9% and 34% respectively, when the system engages in cogeneration of energy. Additionally, the steam plant exhibits the best environmental performance when it performs co-firing with cogeneration of energy, with a minimum value of 0.98 Pt/h. Finally, it was determined that when the system engages in biomass-biogas co-firing, it has the lowest total environmental impact flow B ̇_TOTAL with a minimum value of 55.77 Pt/h.
Evaluación Cienciométrica y factibilidad económica de la producción de biobutanol mediante fermentación abe a partir de melaza panelera
(Universidad Santo Tomás, 2024-12-02) Rueda Sierra, Adriana María; Gómez Cardozo, Javier Ricardo; Cervantes Díaz, Martha
In recent decades, the world has been facing environmental and economic problems, such as global climate change caused, in part, by the excessive use of non-renewable fossil fuels (i.e., coal, oil and natural gas). For this reason, it has become necessary to study and develop alternative energy sources that help reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Biobutanol is now considered a new generation fuel, given its great advantages over other biofuels; one of them is the high presence of oxygen making its combustion cleaner and more environmentally friendly. In this project, a scientometric analysis was carried out to identify trends in the production of biobutanol through ABE fermentation under a technical and economic approach to the process, using the Scopus reference database (Elsevier, B.V., 2022) during the period 2012-2022. Scientometric indicators and relational matrices obtained using the VantagePoint text mining program (academic version 15.0, Search Technology) allowed us to define some of the most important variables of the process, such as: substrate-microorganism ratio, ABE fermentation methods and quantify the yields in biobutanol recovery processes.
Estimación de la huella de carbono para los laboratorios de refinación y transporte de una industria del Oíl and Gas a partir de la metodología de Análisis de Ciclo de Vida
(Universidad Santo Tomás, 2024-10-17) Velandia Castro, Darwin Edgardo; Ávila Rojas, Omar Alberto
This work allowed to address the influence on climate change and global warming through the evaluation of potential environmental impacts and the estimation of the carbon footprint generated during the operation of refining and transportation laboratories of an oil and gas industry for the year 2021, by means of the LCA methodology according to NTC- ISO 14040-14044 with a door-to-door approach from the generation of the request to the delivery of the result. The information was compiled from productivity databases of each experimental area regarding the inventory of energy consumption of laboratory equipment and chemicals. The evaluation of the impacts was carried out with the SIMAPRO ® software version 9.3 and the European environmental categories Impact 2002+ V2.15 and IPCC 2021. The functional unit was defined as the number of tests performed during the year 2021. The results obtained showed high energy consumption (2.77 Gwh). The contribution to the 20-year global warming power was quantified at 805 t CO2 eq, with laboratory No. 6 having the largest carbon footprint with 57.2 t CO2 eq/test. The environmental impact of greatest contribution is associated with global warming with 33.5%. Finally, strategies are proposed to mitigate emissions by 109.5 t CO2 eq (13.6% of the footprint) through the installation of solar panels and energy savings in the laboratory building.
Estimación de la Huella de Carbono en la Operación de los Laboratorios del Upstream en la Industria del Petróleo a partir de la Metodología (ACV)
(Universidad Santo Tomás, 2024-09-12) Medina Novoa, Nydia Virginia; Ávila Rojas, Omar Alberto
This study used the Life Cycle Analysis (LCA) methodology to identify and evaluate the environmental impacts, and the carbon footprint (CF), generated by the operation of the Upstream laboratories of the Institute of Research and Technology of the oil industry for the year 2021. They used the IMPACT 2002 + v2-15 and IPCC 2021 v1.00 evaluation methods, assigned to the SimaPro v9.3 calculation tool. The LCA approach was door-to-door (Receipt of the request for the sample to be analyzed until delivery of the result), using the principles and framework of the NTC-ISO 14040:2022 standard. The results determined that the greatest environmental impact is concentrated in the global warming category, representing 36% of the total evaluated, followed by respiratory inorganics at 26.4%, and non-renewable energies with a 25.4% contribution. Global warming is attributed by laboratories 7, 5 and 8, with contributions of 13.2%, 11.4% and 11.2%, respectively. The estimated carbon footprint was 834 tons of CO2eq at 20 years and 604 tons of CO2eq at 100 years, reflecting a 28% reduction in emissions between both time horizons. In response, two strategies were proposed to mitigate the environmental impact and reduce GHG emissions focused on the replacement of obsolete equipment and/or technologies, as well as the implementation of good practices for the efficient use of energy.
Diseño de un fermentador para el aprovechamiento del bagazo de caña de azúcar y el raquis de palma africana
(Universidad Santo Tomás, 2024-09-06) Martínez Roa, Adriana; Bayona Ayala, Olga Lucía; Candela Soto, Angélica María; Grupo de investigación GINMEA. Universidad Santo Tomás
The increase in global carbon emissions and the growing concern over environmental issues, along with the high costs of oil, energy supply insecurity, and the challenges associated with climate change, have generated significant interest in advancing clean energy sources. In response to these challenges, a bioreactor was designed to evaluate the energy impact, conversion efficiency of microorganisms, and potential environmental impact when using glucose derived from the hydrolysis of lignocellulosic materials as a substrate. This approach aims to produce second-generation products, which offer multiple benefits by reducing dependence on fossil fuels. Additionally, it positively addresses the growing global energy demand, enhances energy security without compromising food security, and promotes sustainable development through responsible practices. In this context, the research involved a literature review and data analysis using the Vantage Point tool to determine the biofuel with the best potential, considering its energy capacity, scientific interest in recent years, high productivity, and environmental impact. Therefore, biohydrogen, biomethane, bioethanol, and biobutanol were selected as study references. Upon studying each of these biofuels, it was determined that biobutanol exhibits the highest energy potential. Furthermore, it was noted that scientific interest in biobutanol has been increasing in recent years, with significant advancements to date. A key advantage of biobutanol over bioethanol is its easier handling, as it is less hygroscopic and can be mixed with gasoline in any proportion, which is not possible with bioethanol. Another important factor for selecting biobutanol as the target biofuel is the associated by-products, which include economically valuable compounds such as Acetone, Acetic Acid, and Butyric Acid, thereby increasing the overall economic viability of the production process. To design the bioreactor, the strain Clostridium Saccharoperbutylacetonicum N1-4 was identified as having the best potential for butanol biosynthesis, considering its productivity, glucose conversion, solvent tolerance, and the fact that it does not produce ethanol, which significantly reduces the costs of separating valuable by-products. Using the information obtained from scientometrics and considering the American design code ASME, a bioreactor with a 5-liter capacity was designed for laboratory-scale studies. The design process involved four stages: the fermentation tank design, heat exchanger design, operating conditions, agitator design, and the adaptation of input streams and process-associated accessories. Finally, a simulation was conducted using the SuperPro Designer software, following the reaction stoichiometry reported by Francisco Vela (Vela Aragón, 2008), with an operating temperature and pressure of 32°C and one atmosphere, respectively. The result was a concentration of just over 12 g/L in the fermented product stream, starting with an initial glucose concentration from the hydrolysis of sugarcane bagasse and African palm rachis of 50 g/L.
Desarrollo de un analizador ambiental basado en un smartphone y su aplicación para la detección de fosfatos en muestras acuosas
(Universidad Santo Tomás, 2024-09-04) Bedoya Duque, Samuel Josué; Contreras Gómez, Alix Yusara; Candela Soto, Angélica María
Eutrophication can cause a series of problems in aquatic ecosystems and have negative impacts on both the environment and society. Therefore, monitoring this phenomenon is key to maintaining water quality. Additionally, there is currently considerable interest in the development of portable devices for the analysis of environmental samples. A particularly promising and widely reported approach is the use of smartphone-based sensors due to the ubiquity, accessibility, and connectivity of these devices. Therefore, the objective of this research is to develop a prototype of an environmental analyzer based on digital colorimetry, as well as to evaluate its functionality in determining the concentration of phosphates in aqueous media, to serve as a tool for the early detection of potential eutrophication processes. The samples evaluated come from an experimental aquaculture at the Universidad Santo Tomás Seccional Bucaramanga, located in the municipality of Piedecuesta, Santander. A smartphone (Xiaomi POCO X3) integrated with a custom-made dark cover and a luminic base was used for the colorimetric analysis. Subsequently, the digital processing of the obtained images was carried out by extracting the RGB color space coordinates using the open-source software ImageJ. The results obtained using the proposed colorimetric system were validated with a conventional UV-Vis spectrophotometer (Cary 60, Agilent). It was found that the determination of phosphates in the analyzed samples showed statistically similar values using both methods. Additionally, both systems were compared in terms of their precision, accuracy, linearity, sensitivity, detection limit, and quantification limit. The linearity and precision of the measurements performed with the proposed environmental analyzer, along with its practicality, portability, and low cost, demonstrates its applicability for the determination of phosphates in aqueous samples, and highlights the considerable potential of using this device for other colorimetric determinations. Therefore, it is expected that the results of this research will stimulate future approaches for the analysis of environmental samples using digital photometry.
Estudio comparativo del impacto ambiental generado en la producción de panela de tipo convencional e industrial en el departamento de Santander mediante la metodología ACV
(Universidad Santo Tomás) Guevara Bernal, Daniel Fernando; Ávila Rojas, Omar Alberto; Cervantes Díaz, Martha
The production of panela in Colombia is a highly significant agricultural activity, being the second most important after coffee. This sector encompasses both conventional and industrial plants and plays a fundamental role in the country's economy, contributing 7.3% to the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and generating substantial employment. However, the process of cultivating, harvesting, and processing sugarcane for panela production presents various environmental challenges, such as biodiversity loss, pesticide use, and changes in soil properties. To address these challenges, the Life Cycle Analysis (LCA) methodology has been implemented to evaluate the environmental impacts in both types of mills, using 1 ton of panela as the functional unit. The results reveal that the industrial system has greater environmental impacts, particularly in the categories of global warming with 14.8 kg of CO2, respiratory inorganics with 5.17x10-3 kg PM2.5 eq, and non carcinogens with 0.603 kg of C2H3Cl, representing an overall difference of 12% compared to the conventional system. In response to these findings, mitigation strategies and sustainable practices have been proposed for the panela industry. These include improving energy efficiency and adopting renewable energies, waste management, and sustainable agricultural practices. The adoption of key technological changes and more sustainable practices is recommended to improve efficiency and reduce environmental impact in this sector, highlighting its crucial role in implementing environmentally responsible measures.
Análisis de minería de texto en la obtención de pectinas a partir de biomasa residual biodegradable para el desarrollo de bioplásticos innovadores
(Universidad Santo Tomás, 2024-09-05) Ripe Gutiérrez, Margie Alejandra; Cervantes Díaz, Martha; Barón Rodríguez, Mario Alberto; Navas Gómez, Kelly Johanna
The pollution produced using conventional plastics has generated an increase in research that seeks to reduce their environmental impact from sustainable alternatives such as the generation of pectin-based biopolymers, used for the development of these thanks to their physical and rheological properties. This research aimed to analyze the trend in the development of innovative bioplastics from pectins extracted from residual biomass. Using Scopus (Elsevier, B.V., 2024) as a database, 152 documents published between 2000 and 2024 were obtained, evidencing a growing interest in this research, developed with greater intensity in the period 2020-2023, aimed at the extraction of pectins from different biomass sources, among the most representative are citrus, apple and beet residues; its characterization based on properties such as the degree of esterification and application in areas of knowledge such as materials sciences, agricultural and biological sciences and chemistry and food, pharmaceutical, medical and environmental industries. For the analysis of inventive step, Lens version 9.0.10 (Cambria. (2022), obtaining 120 patents, related according to its IPCR classification with pectin extraction methods, application in different industries, highlighting the food and pharmaceutical industry. Finally, a product biorefinery model was proposed based on scientometric analysis, which uses citrus and passion fruit biomass in the department of Santander to obtain essential oils, pectin and biogas as high-value products, benefiting the local economy and promoting environmental sustainability.
Generación de biogás y estruvita a partir de residuos porcinos: Una alternativa para granjas autosostenibles en Santander
(Universidad Santo Tomás, 2024-02-19) Ortega Tapias, Emperatriz; Mayorga García, Myriam Yamile; Candela, Angélica María
Various types of livestock waste are generated in the department of Santander; for example, pigs excrete in terms of their live weight about 80% nitrogen and phosphorus and about 90% potassium from their ration, making manure an excellent raw material for soil fertilizer and other by-products such as biogas and animal feed. At present, it is essential to look for environmentally friendly energy alternatives that allow reducing the carbon footprint with respect to the production of fossil energy, electricity, etc.; and at the same time take advantage of pig waste that does not generate added value or economic benefits. However, there is ignorance of the different strategies of Anaerobic Digestion (DA) that allow the valorization of porcine excreta in the region. To this end, alternatives such as Anaerobic Digestion and Co-Digestion (CoAD) systems were analyzed to take advantage of the pig waste generated in the department of Santander and that would benefit families in the rural sector, through self-sustainable energy farms. Therefore, the methodologies and technological packages that maximize the performance in the AD systems in the pig agroindustry used worldwide were identified, and thus evaluate the feasibility of their development in the department of Santander. For this purpose, different documents were consulted using search engines where terms such as digestion, codigestion, anaerobic digesters, porcine waste, biogas were included. Finally, the most important factors that influence the implementation of a technological package of anaerobic biodigestion systems optimized from the residues available in the region were evaluated through a Decision Matrix. As a result, the anaerobic co-digestion system of pig manure with sugarcane bagasse was selected in a bag-type biodigester under approximate operating conditions of: T=25°C, pH=6.5, C/N=24, with 80% -95% SV for biogas and fertilizer generation.
Eficiencia Energética del Hidrogeno Presente en el Gas de Síntesis Obtenido a partir de la Gasificación de Biomasa Residual Lignocelulósica: Caso De Estudio.
(Universidad Santo Tomás, 2023-09-25) Acevedo Serrano, Katerine; Villabona Durán, Yurley Paola; Rozo Correa, Ciro Eduardo; Ojeda Delgado, Karina Angelica
Due to environmental sustainability issues linked with anthropogenic carbon emissions and energy security, there is interest in implementing cleaner energy generation technologies than traditional ones using available national resources. Against this backdrop, hydrogen is proposed as a viable alternative being a renewable energy source. Given this, the current project explores the use of a mixture of residual lignocellulosic biomass as a raw material to produce energy through hydrogen generation by gasification. For this purpose, a technological roadmap was designed, and a simulation of the synthesis gas production process was conducted using the Aspen-Plus® software. The results revealed that, when using the selected biomass mixture, a synthesis gas with a molar fraction of hydrogen of 38.7% and an ER of 0.19 was obtained. The optimal parameters identified to achieve this hydrogen concentration were: gasification temperature of 707°C, oxygen flows of 484 kg/h, steam at 420 kg/h, and gasification pressure of 1 atm. These findings support the viability of the studied lignocellulosic biomass as an efficient alternative for hydrogen production, while also offering an opportunity for the valorization of lignocellulosic waste.
Aerogeles de Nanocelulosa Bacteriana: Una Alternativa Ambiental para la Remoción de Metales Pesados en Matrices Acuosas
(Universidad Santo Tomás, 2023-09-23) Peña Gonzalez, Paula Tatiana; Martínez Bonilla, Carlos Andrés; Hernández Celi, Inés
Water sources are currently facing significant challenges due to heavy metal contamination, which impacts both public health and resource availability. These harmful substances are toxic and disrupt the normal functioning of living organisms, thereby leading to health issues. The effective removal of these contaminants is a top priority, although traditional methods often have limitations and unwanted effects. To address this, research has turned toward more efficient and sustainable approaches such as employing aerogels as adsorbents. These aerogels feature functional groups, a large surface area, and porosity, which aid in capturing metal ions. An aerogel was developed using TEMPO-oxidized bacterial nanocellulose with a 0.5% oxidation degree, combined with hydrothermally synthesized PEI-functionalized carbon quantum dots. This environmentally friendly material was created to remove heavy metals from aqueous solutions. Various techniques, including UV-Vis, fluorescence, IR, SEM, TEM, and XPS, were used to analyze the optical properties, composition, size, morphology, surface composition, and stability. These examinations confirmed the dispersion of the amino-functionalized quantum dots on the surface of the aerogel. The metal removal tests demonstrated the efficiency of the aerogel in eliminating 40% of mercury and 32% of lead from the solution. Notably, the pseudo-second-order kinetic model and Langmuir isotherm prevailed, suggesting a chemisorption process that formed a uniform monolayer on the adsorbent surface. This sheds light on the nature of the adsorption mechanism, with promising implications for efficient heavy-metal removal.
Análisis del impacto ambiental del cultivo Cannabis sativa mediante la evaluación de análisis de ciclo de vida y minería de texto
(Universidad Santo Tomás, 2023-09-12) González López, César Augusto; Arenas Bacca, Ana María; Cervantes Díaz, Martha; Quintero Dallos, Viviana
Cannabis sativa has attracted increasing interest worldwide due to its medicinal and recreational properties. In recent years, studies have suggested that cannabis cultivation can generate environmental impacts, as well as the extensive use of natural resources such as water, soil, and energy. Using in a first phase, scientometric analysis from text mining and in a second phase, the use of OpenLCA software based on the methodology of life cycle analysis - LCA, the evaluation of environmental impacts generated by a Cannabis sativa crop was obtained for the limits of the system "from cradle to gate" (seed germination to flower drying), adopting for discussion the impact categories considered as the most representative. In the first phase, the text mining analysis resulted in the lack of existing studies associated with the terms: environmental impact assessment and life cycle analysis, in relation to Cannabis sativa cultivation. For the second phase, the environmental impact assessment established that global warming is the most representative category of potential environmental impact with 881039.47 kg CO2 eq generated, followed by aquatic acidification (7947.17 kg SO2 eq), respiratory inorganic (2328.02 kg PM2.5 eq) and ozone layer depletion (0.15 kg CFC - 11 eq), all associated with energy and fossil fuel requirements related to cannabis cultivation activities.
Evaluación del Desempeño de Pretratamientos Químicos sobre Bagazo de Caña de Azúcar para la Producción de Bioetanol
(Universidad Santo Tomás, 2023-09-13) Suárez Posada, Pablo; Bayona Ayala, Olga Lucia; Valderrama Ríos, Claudia Marcela; Alvarado Rueda, Lizeth Johanna
Lignocellulosic biomass, due to its high content of fermentable sugars, is an important source for obtaining ethanol and other value-added by-products; however, it has a complex molecular structure that prevents obtaining these sugars. Due to this drawback, different pretreatment methods have been used, categorized as physical, chemical, biological, physicochemical, and combined. In this project, the bioethanol production process from sugarcane bagasse was studied in three phases: first, a scientometric analysis was carried out to identify four of the main pretreatment methods for sugarcane bagasse: phosphoric acid, hydrogen peroxide, ionic liquids and ultrasound. In the second phase, the consumption of water, mass, energy and yields in the bioethanol production processes were quantified using ASPEN PLUS (R) simulation software. The bibliographic references obtained from the scientometric analysis allowed defining the optimum design variables in the pretreatment, hydrolysis and fermentation reactors. Finally, a life cycle analysis of the pretreatments with the greatest potential was carried out using the IMPAC 2002, Cumulative Energy Demand V1.11 and IPCC 2021 GWP20 V1.00 impact assessment methods.
Análisis de la gestión de residuos peligrosos en el área metropolitana de Bucaramanga en el marco de la Economía Circular
(Universidad Santo Tomás, 2023-08-16) Jaimes Velandia, Judith Carolina; Vargas Buitrago, Alba Josefa; Cervantes Díaz, Martha
The progress in the management of waste or hazardous waste - RESPEL since the implementation of the National Policy in 2005 has made it possible to improve management processes in different areas. However, the management of hazardous waste in Colombia still presents great challenges, among which is the search for alternatives that minimize the final disposal of these and encourage their use and/or recovery. This study evaluated the management of hazardous waste in the Bucaramanga metropolitan area and its application in Circular Economy processes; the foregoing, based on the quantification of the waste generated and the analysis of environmentally sustainable alternatives that allow promoting its reincorporation into the industry; alternatives for use, treatment and/or recovery identified through the text mining process. Within these alternatives, energy recovery processes were identified, as well as the recovery of precious and non-precious metals through processes such as pyrometallurgy, hydrometallurgy, bioleaching and biosorption. Finally, the document proposes a model for the recovery and reincorporation of raw materials extracted from waste that, in accordance with the provisions of Decree 1076 of 2015 and the National Hazardous Waste Policy, formulated in 2005 and updated in 2022, They are considered dangerous.
Biosorción de metales pesados presentes en aguas residuales empleando cáscaras de cítricos: estudio cienciométrico
(Universidad Santo Tomás) Avendaño Chinchilla, Johan Manuel; Peña Hernández, Belky Yaneth; Cervantes Diaz, Martha
Recently, studies have been carried out on the removal of heavy metals present in tributaries, wastewater and effluents from the industrial and mining sectors. These studies focus on the monitoring of metals such as Cr, Ni, Cd, Pb and Hg due to their high toxicity and difficulty in their elimination. In order to find an effective and low-cost solution, the use of materials such as citrus fruit peels for the development of biosorption systems has been explored. These peels are common waste in regions of Colombia due to the high production and consumption of oranges, lemons and tangerines. In particular, a scientometric study has been carried out to identify the best raw material with high performance in the removal of heavy metals in the water sources of the departments of Norte de Santander and Santander. For this study, the PICO strategy was used to define a search equation, which was applied in the Scopus database. 325 articles with a total of 4636 citations were obtained. Tools such as the VantagePoint program for text mining and the VOSviewer program for visualizing bibliometric networks were used to analyze global research trends on biosorbents. China was identified as a leader in this field, while Colombia has 2 articles related to the subject. The scientometric study determined that there is great interest in the scientific community in the use of orange and lemon peels as biosorbent materials for the removal of heavy metals dissolved in water tributaries. Therefore, it can be concluded that orange and lemon peels are suitable raw materials for the biosorption of heavy metals such as Pb, Cr, Cd and Hg present in water.
Análisis cienciométrico y de minería de texto sobre la producción de ácido láctico a partir de biomasa residual
(Universidad Santo Tomás, 2023-07-06) Parra Gómez, Carlos Manuel; Guevara Lastre, Cesar Augusto; Cervantes Díaz, Martha; Universidad Santo Tomas
Lactic acid is a raw material of great importance for the pharmaceutical, food and cosmetic industries, which is obtained through two routes, chemical and biotechnological using agro-industrial residues, the latter being the one of interest for the present study. In Santander in 2021, 920.900 tons (t) of agro-industrial waste were produced from sugar cane, citrus (lemon, tangerine and orange) and cocoa crops, where the contribution per crop was 79%, 18% and 3% respectively, with the potential to produce lactic acid, whose world production for the year 2025 is estimated at 1.96 Mt. In Colombia, in the year 2020, 19 t were produced and 460 t were imported, evidencing the imbalance that exists, making the production of lactic acid an attractive process. The present study consisted of using a scientometric analysis strategy, which yielded 418 articles indexed in the Scopus database for the period 2010-2023, with 2022 being the year of greatest activity with 74 documents. In the same period of time, through the Lens software, 437 patents were found, of which 169 correspond to applications and 268 to granted patents, highlighting the year 2016 with 58 granted; all the scientometric information was analyzed using the Vosviewer and Vantage Point software. From the analysis of results, the acid and alkaline pretreatments accompanied by the enzymatic ones were the most found and for the fermentative process the lactobacillus of the plantarum, delbrueckii, pentosus and coagulans species were the most used.

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