Estudio de factibilidad de implementación de una planta de compostaje aerobio para el aprovechamiento de los residuos sólidos orgánicos en el municipio de Macheta Cundinamarca

Abstract

This degree work is based on the development of a proposal for a system of organic solid waste utilization, from the implementation of an aerobic composting plant, due to the problem of waste management; knowing that in the total waste generated per year 59.9% corresponds to the organic fraction, i.e. 294,638 tons of organic solid waste (Plan de gestión integral de residuos sólidos [PGIRS], 2021, p.19). A review of the municipality's current PGIRS showed that there are no strategies for the use of organic waste. A perception diagnosis was made by means of a survey directed to the population of the municipality, in order to know the current situation of OWW management and their opinion regarding environmental problems. Additionally, a comparative analysis of composting technologies was made and a decision matrix was applied for different composting systems such as: manual aeration, forced aeration, convective aeration and mixed aeration, among which forced aeration was chosen due to its conditions and requirements, adjusting to the characteristics of the municipality. Having identified the composting system, a technical, operational and economic study was carried out, so that in the technical study the process was described by means of diagrams, dimensioning calculations were made for the facilities, aeration system, leachate and wastewater management. Following this, the operational study describes the plant personnel, taking into account the safety and health conditions at work, and specifies the collection route and the collection vehicle. Finally, in the economic study, income, costs associated with construction, machinery and equipment, payroll, services and the cost-benefit ratio were calculated, including different economic indicators that demonstrate the feasibility of investing in this project, ensuring an 11% profitability. Based on the above, the plan of the composting plant was designed, showing the distribution of areas occupied by each unitary process.