Confiabilidad de Dos Métodos para la Prescripción de Adición en Pacientes Présbitas de la Clínica de Optometría de la Universidad Santo Tomás de Bucaramanga para el Año 2019

Abstract

Introduction: Presbyopia is a physiological process of the lens that undergoes changes in its shape and curvature due to aging, this process generates a decrease in the amplitude of accommodation from 40 years, resulting in observing with difficulty and little sharp objects located in near vision. Currently the prevalence of presbyopia is higher in countries where there is a large proportion of older adults, in Colombia, the prevalence of presbyopia in the general population is 27.2%, in Bucaramanga it is estimated that 23.8% of the population is 40 years or older . The correction for presbyopia is carried out by means of the prescription of the addition, which can be found by two techniques, the usual technique of calculating the addition used and described in the protocol of the Optometry Clinic of the Universidad Santo Tomás de Bucaramanga and the dynamic or fused cross cylinder technique. Objective: Determine the reliability of the dynamic cross cylinder technique and the method of calculation of addition described in the protocol of the optometry clinic of the Universidad Santo Tomás, in a patient between the ages of 40 and 55, in the year 2019. Methodology: A diagnostic test evaluation study was carried out since it was sought to determine the reliability and accuracy of each of the tests, an intentional or convenience non-probabilistic sampling was implemented, with a sample size of 51 people obtained directly of the list of patients who attend an average of one year consultation at the optometry clinic of the Universidad Santo Tomás diagnosed with presbyopia during the year 2018 and people linked to the institution as teachers or grooming staff, taking into account variables such as age, occupation, refractive defect and amplitude of accommodation among others. Results: In this study, two techniques used for the prescription of additions in presbyopia patients were compared, as results, it was demonstrated that both techniques included a reproducibility with an almost perfect degree of agreement and a concordance with a relative degree. Being both subjective techniques, selecting the dynamic cross cylinder technique was more positive than the age-based addition technique, and both tests provided visual acuity between 0.4M and 0.50M at a distance of 40cm, remaining within the expected values for age. Conclusions: Reproducibility and concordance of both techniques was obtained with an almost perfect and substantial level of level in a population with a diagnosis of astigmatism in both eyes of 86%, which summarizes that both techniques can be used with confidence in the clinical practice.