Aporte del humedal el Charco-Oasis a la regulación térmica por medio del análisis de variables microclimáticas y de cobertura en Villavicencio

Abstract

This project was developed in the Charco-Oasis Wetland recreation area, located in the southeastern part of the city of Villavicencio and on the main road that leads to the municipality of Puerto López, where there are several impacts on this ecosystem, due to the anthropogenic activities that are exhibited such as: deforestation, loss of landscaping, change in land use, invasion due to urban pressure. This project raised a proposal to determine the contribution that the wetland provides in the regulation of temperature in a sector of Villavicencio. For this, the coverage recognition and intervention of the study area was carried out using the Corine Land Cover methodology. Then, the variation of air temperature (Ta) and relative humidity (RH) by monitoring points in each coverage was randomly measured, identifying an average per hour, in the time band (FH) of 10:00am to 3:00pm, fisheye photographs were also taken to calculate the Sky View Factor (SVF) with the RayMan software that determines the incidence of solar radiation. Subsequently, a descriptive statistical analysis of the meteorological variables was carried out, and ΔTa was found to demonstrate the increase in temperature and the Thermal Regulation Index (WTI) that identifies the regulation potential of the wetland in the urban area. From the data obtained, a Pearson and Spearman correlation analysis was performed, which determines how the variables associate and interact, followed by a linear regression analysis from which the equation of the line was obtained. Finally, a map was drawn up that shows the contribution of the thermal regulation potential of the Charco-Oasis Wetland. The results of the research show that three types of coverage intervene in the study area, which correspond to: Discontinuous Urban Fabric - TUD (5,677 ha), Clean Pastures - PL (2,296 ha) and Fragmented Forests - BF (5,238 ha). Also, it was observed that the established FH of the variable’s Ta and RH, have a variation every hour in the measurement lapses and a difference in the coverage. In addition, it was determined that the incidence of solar radiation in the BF coverage is lower in relation to the TUD and PL coverage, with a maximum of 22.6% according to the data obtained from SVF. Later, it was shown that Ta and RH are inversely proportional according to the distribution of the data. Likewise, it was analyzed that the variables have a high degree of reliability, for the correlations of Ta vs RH, SVF vs ΔTa and SVF vs WTI, regarding their FH and coverage. Finally, it was identified that the higher the WTI, the more notable is the thermal regulation of the wetland. Concluding that the Charco-Oasis urban wetland is contributing between 2.7ºC - 3.4ºC at a distance of 90 meters to the south in a discontinuous way, by the TUD that affects its reduction of the continuous contribution of thermal regulation.