Diseño e implementación de plataforma de múltiple sensado para la calidad de agua dulce en el municipio de Samacá – Boyacá

Abstract

The environmental impacts generated in Colombia come from various polluting sources that alter the soil, water, air, and in general the quality of life of people. One of the main sources of contamination is mining, which causes a deterioration in the quality of natural resources (water, air, soil) and in the health of the people who live in the area. The degree of impact of mining is determined by the conditions of legality and illegality of the exploitation, where the percentages of the latter have increased exponentially in recent years. These farms have begun to cause serious impacts on the environment, to the point of affecting the quality of water for human consumption and agricultural irrigation. Monocultures are another source of contamination, which modifies the productive capacity of the soil, reduces plant diversity, increases erosion, maximizes the loss of nutrients from the soil, among others; likewise, it alters the properties of water by the agrochemicals used in crops. Samacá is a municipality that has an irrigation district that supports the economy of the region, however, the quality and supply of water are being threatened by numerous factors such as agricultural crops, livestock, indiscriminate felling, replacement of native vegetation and inappropriate use. of the water resource in coal mining [1]. The aforementioned environmental impacts, in addition to altering biotic factors, generate modifications in the physicochemical parameters of the water. Because of this, in a strategic alliance between the Santo Tomás Tunja sectional University, the Universidad De Los Andes and the company German Franco Carbón, the project “Community platform for water quality monitoring in the Samacá-Boyacá region was proposed ”To COLCIENCIAS - Min. Sciences; within the call 794-2017. Derived from this project, the degree work proposal is born, in which this document focuses, with the objective of implementing a buoy-type system for local and remote monitoring of the basic parameters of water quality such as pH, Electrical Conductivity, Reduction Oxide Potential, Dissolved Oxygen and Temperature, which together provide a criterion of the state of water quality. Due to the above, the research questions arise: How to achieve a degree of IP protection to guarantee the operation and durability of the monitoring platform? Which programming strategy is best suited to the characteristics of the project to acquire, process and store the information obtained locally? What type of sensors are suitable for taking PH, oxide-reduction potential, dissolved oxygen, percent dissolved oxygen saturation, electrical conductivity, resistivity, total dissolved solids, salinity, and temperature readings? How to secure the transmission of information remotely to a receiving station? In this context, the precision of the sensors must be a decisive factor, as must the modules for transmitting information for their visualization.