Evaluación mecánica de la unión diente-implante con prótesis parcial fija: análisis por el método de elementos finitos

Abstract

Oral rehabilitation is in charge of proposing prosthetic options, in order to achieve a treatment with different restorative materials. In partially dentate patients, the treatments used are; removable partial dentures, supported implant fixed partial prostheses, supported dento fixed partial prostheses, and implant supported fixed partial dentures. The present study evaluated the mechanics of the tooth-implant junction in a fixed partial prosthesis with a Morse cone implant. With the incursion of finite element analysis in dental studies, tests very close to reality have been made and valuable estimates can be made in prosthodontics and implantology. Objective: To analyze the total displacements of a virtual model of supported implant-dento fixed partial prosthesis, distribution of main stresses in the periodontal and peri-implant bone surface, distribution and main stresses in the prosthetic abutment and implant in the model of fixed partial implant prosthesis. -dento supported. using the finite element method. Materials and methods: An experimental simulation study was carried out using the Finite Element Method (MEF), with a virtual, non-probabilistic sample. In the model to be designed in Solidworks 2015, the first premolar tooth 24 related to abutment teeth and supporting tissues, the second premolar as pontic and the first molar is a Cone Morse implant. Group 1-experimental: Fixed partial implant-dento prosthesis supported (24-25-26) cemented on abutment (24), pontic (25) and CM implant-pile (26). Group 2-control: Fixed partial denture prosthesis supported (24-25-26) cemented on abutment tooth (24), pontic (25) and abutment tooth (26). Group 3-control: Fixed partial prosthesis Implant supported (24-25-26) cemented on the CM implant-abutment (24) and the CM implant-abutment (26). Results: Tooth-implant: shows a total displacement of the implant-tooth model, whose maximum value of 0.010038 [mm] is obtained in the ceramic of the crown of the abutment tooth 24, this indicates that the lower stiffness of the tooth (lower modulus of elasticity ) produces a greater displacement. The total maximum displacements found in the ceramic of the abutment tooth 24 and pontic 25, are transmitted to the disto-vestibular region of the coronal preparation of tooth 24, being more than double that found in the abutment region, with maximum values of 0.0096 [ mm] and 0.0042 [mm] respectively. Tooth-tooth: When reviewing the total displacements in the model, it is observed that in this case a uniform distribution is reached, finding the most displaced area in the pontic 25, with a maximum displacement value of 0.0105 [mm]. Implant-implant: The maximum total displacements of the Implant-Implant model are found in the abutment prosthetic crown of 24, with a value of 0.0104 [mm]. Conclusions: In supported implant-dento prostheses there is a greater displacement of the abutment tooth in relation to the abutment-implant region. There is greater displacement in the abutment tooth of a supported implant-dento prosthesis in relation to the supported dento prosthesis. The periodontal bone surface presents a similar mechanical function when they are rehabilitated with supported implant-dento prostheses or dento-supported prostheses. The prosthetic abutment exhibits similar mechanical behavior when used on implant-supported or implant-supported prostheses.