Estudio patológico para intervención de 5,5 kilómetros de vía que conducen del centro poblado La Balsa, al centro poblado de Bocas del Guayuriba en el Municipio de Puerto López - Meta.

Abstract

The thesis presents a pathological diagnosis of the road connecting the populated centers of La Balsa and Bocas del Guayuriba in the municipality of Puerto López, Meta, with a length of 5.5 kilometers. The study was developed under an analytical methodology that included field activities to identify, classify, and analyze the existing damages in the road structure. Through visual inspections, auscultations, and destructive and non-destructive tests, it was determined that the road presents multiple pathologies such as hard heads, alligator cracking, potholes, and edge disintegration, mainly associated with the deterioration of the wearing course and the increase in heavy traffic in the area. The technical analysis made it possible to establish that the pavement structure was not designed to withstand the current level of traffic, predominantly composed of heavy vehicles due to the agricultural and mining development of the sector. In addition, environmental factors such as high rainfall and poor bonding between layers contributed to the accelerated deterioration of the pavement. It was identified that the road was initially built with a double surface treatment and on alluvial soils—conditions that, together with the lack of preventive maintenance, explain the loss of its functionality and the absence of residual life in much of its stretch. Finally, the study concludes that the road requires a comprehensive intervention based on the results of laboratory and field tests, prioritizing the structural redesign of the pavement, the improvement of drainage, and the implementation of materials according to INVIAS specifications. This diagnosis constitutes a fundamental technical tool for the planning of future rehabilitation works, ensuring the durability and stability of this strategic road corridor for the economic and social development of the municipality of Puerto López.