Influencia de la aplicación de agroquímicos en la diversidad fúngica y bacteriana del sistema productivo de arroz (Oryza Sativa) Universidad de los Llanos, Sede Barcelona

Abstract

In this study, the influence of the application of agrochemicals on the fungal and bacterial diversity of the rice production system (Oryza sativa) was evaluated, taking into account the physico-chemical parameters (temperature, pH, electrical conductivity, organic matter, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium) and characterisation of fungal and bacterial diversity. The research was carried out in Villavicencio-Meta, specifically on the premises of the University of Los Llanos, Sede Barcelona. The influence of the rice production system was compared with a grassland (Panicum maximum), in a control area, for this purpose the rhizosphere of the soil at a depth of (0-10 cm) was taken into account. Following the monitoring of physicochemical parameters, fungal and bacterial diversity, the variables addressed by the software IBM SPSS Statistics 25 were statistically analyzed. Through analysis and evaluation of physicochemical properties, characterisation of fungal and bacterial diversity and statistical analysis, it was determined that the difference in the physicochemical properties before and after the application of the agrochemicals were minimal, since the pH, in the area of the rice production system was 5,1 to 5,2, indicating an extremely acidic soil, were also presented the other parameters with changes of 0,1 to 0,2, with the exception of the electrical conductivity, which was presented 309 to 153,3 µ/cm and the phosphorus which was presented of 37,2 to 43.8 % , representing a significant change. In the characterization of microorganisms, a total of 12 bacterial colonies and 35 fungal colonies were found, where a large part of these were pathogenic, each with its macroscopic description and with their respective genera, with the exception of some bacterial colonies whose genus was not identified. As for fungal and bacterial diversity after the respective statistical analysis in the areas, numerical differences were presented in the CFU, but not significant differences. That is to say that the influence of the application of agrochemicals in the rice production system, is not significant, a factor that could come to influence was that the applied quantities of agrochemicals to the area are not excessive, that is to say it meets the recommended dosages. The results obtained will serve as a reference for people who wish to develop future research projects or activities related to the topic.