Pregrado Ingeniería Ambiental Villavicencio
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Tipo de ítem: Ítem , Evaluación de la Reserva de Carbono en el Suelo del Humedal El Charco-Oasis En Villavicencio, Meta(Universidad Santo Tomás, 2026-06-12) Parra Perez, Juan Diego; Gamarra Segura, Lesly Daniela; Romero Puentes, Raquel Beatriz; Herrera Peña, Martha Julieth; Universidad Santo Tómás; https://scienti.minciencias.gov.co/cvlac/visualizador/generarCurriculoCv.do?cod_rh=0001165879; https://scienti.minciencias.gov.co/cvlac/visualizador/generarCurriculoCv.do?cod_rh=0002103104; https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=KNSgZBgAAAAJ&hl=es; https://orcid.org/0009-0009-5327-9088This study assessed the soil organic carbon storage capacity of El Charco–Oasis wetland, an urban ecosystem located in Villavicencio, Meta, Colombia, in order to quantify its contribution as a carbon sink. Seven sampling sites were established through a purposive sampling design that accounted for the environmental heterogeneity of the ecosystem. At each site, a 10 m linear transect was established, and soil subsamples were collected to a depth of 60 cm and combined into composite samples. Soil physicochemical properties, including texture, bulk density, pH, nutrient content, and organic matter, were determined through laboratory analyses. Total organic carbon was quantified using the Walkley–Black method, carbon stocks were estimated following the IPCC (2006) guidelines, and the factors associated with carbon distribution were evaluated through correlation analysis and Principal Component Analysis (PCA). Spatial distribution patterns were represented using Inverse Distance Weighting (IDW) interpolation. The results revealed soil organic carbon contents ranging from 0.46% to 1.38% (mean: 0.92%) and carbon stocks ranging from 41.79 to 124.70 t C ha⁻¹ (mean: 83.8 t C ha⁻¹). Correlation analysis indicated that organic carbon was primarily associated with total exchangeable bases, soil pH, and exchangeable aluminum, whereas the first two principal components explained 63.33% of the total variability. Spatial distribution exhibited a heterogeneous pattern, with higher carbon stocks concentrated in the central sector of the wetland and lower values recorded in peripheral areas. Based on the mean carbon stock, soil carbon storage was estimated at 341.74 t C for the effectively surveyed area (4.078 ha) and 537.57 t C for the total wetland area. These findings underscore the importance of El Charco–Oasis wetland as a strategic carbon reservoir within an urban landscape and highlight its contribution to local climate change mitigation efforts. Furthermore, the estimated carbon stock exceeds the institutional carbon footprint reported for 2020 (215.86 t CO₂) and 2023 (315.07 t CO₂), demonstrating its potential role in carbon offsetting. The ecosystem also contributes to the achievement of SDG 11 (Sustainable Cities and Communities), SDG 13 (Climate Action), and SDG 15 (Life on Land).Tipo de ítem: Ítem , Estudio Avanzado Del Efecto De Borde A Través De Indicadores Microclimáticos En Areas Protegidas Del Piedemonte Llanero, Villavicencio - Meta(Universidad Santo Tomás, 2026-05-29) Maldonado Bernal, Joseppe Santiago; Cortes Santos, Alberto; Rojas Reina, Christian José; Universidad Santo Tomás; https://scienti.minciencias.gov.co/cvlac/visualizador/generarCurriculoCv.do?cod_rh=0000112751; https://scienti.minciencias.gov.co/cvlac/visualizador/generarCurriculoCv.do?cod_rh=0000089317; https://scholar.google.es/citations?user=S51SYK0AAAAJ&hl=es; https://scholar.google.es/citations?hl=es&user=GiWWc18AAAAJ; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7291-1634; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1044-3329It was considered for this study that, in fragmented forests of the Colombian Llanos foothills, edge effects occur that generate abiotic alterations and, in turn, modify microclimatic conditions, influencing the ecological dynamics of forest fragments and overall forest health. This study aimed to determine the edge effect in forest fragments located within the Cuenca Alta del Caño Vanguardia and Cerro Vanguardia National Protective Forest Reserves, using microclimatic variables in order to generate technical inputs to guide conservation and management strategies for forest fragments. Multispectral images from the Landsat 8 (OLI/TIRS) satellite, provided by NASA, were used to characterize the fragments, establishing three transects per fragment across a total of eight study units. Edge effect detection was performed using segmented regression, which allowed the identification of inflection points in microclimatic gradients. This analysis was complemented by the Kruskal–Wallis test, used for statistical comparison between edge, transition, and core zones. Additionally, the correspondence between satellite-derived and in situ data was evaluated using error metrics such as RMSLE, BIAS, and the Pearson correlation coefficient, in order to validate the accuracy of satellite data in environmental monitoring based on field data collection. The results revealed the presence of microclimatic gradients associated with the edge effect in forest fragments, detected through both in situ measurements and satellite imagery. It was determined that NDMI showed significant spatial differences that allow the identification of edge effects, whereas in situ air temperature did not present statistically significant variations between transects. Regarding validation, a limited correspondence was observed between satellite data and field measurements, with high variability in errors, the presence of biases, and weak correlations. This indicates that, although remote sensing allows the identification of spatial patterns, it presents limitations in accurately estimating microclimatic conditions at the local scale; therefore, its application should be complemented with in situ measurements for an adequate interpretation and management of fragmented ecosystems.Tipo de ítem: Ítem , Diseño de un Biodigestor para la Gestión Integral de Residuos Orgánicos en Plantas Agroindustriales en el Predio “La Fazenda”(Universidad Santo Tomás, 2026-05-28) Montoya Alferez, Juan Camilo; Rojas Reina, Christian Jose; Universidad Santo Tomas; https://scienti.minciencias.gov.co/cvlac/visualizador/generarCurriculoCv.do?cod_rh=0000089317; https://scholar.google.es/citations?hl=es&user=GiWWc18AAAAJ; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1044-3329La Fazenda is an agro-industrial company located in the municipality of Puerto Gaitán, in the department of Meta, recognized nationally for its high performance in production processes, crop development, advances in genetics, and the strengthening of educational and technological processes within the agro-industrial sector. This organization consolidated its position thanks to the implementation of efficient and sustainable production strategies, developed across approximately 35,000 hectares dedicated to crops and the operation of various agro-industrial processing plants. Within its production processes, a significant generation of organic waste was identified, primarily derived from impurities in corn and soybeans from the feed mill and the extraction plant. While these byproducts are a natural part of agro-industrial processing, they presented a challenge in terms of proper environmental management and efficient resource utilization. In this process, the design of a biodigester was proposed, aimed at treating and utilizing the organic waste generated in La Fazenda's agro-industrial plants. The proposal was based on the application of anaerobic digestion processes, which transformed the waste into biogas, an alternative energy source, and biofertilizer, useful for strengthening agricultural production systems. Implementing this technology can contribute to strengthening environmental sustainability strategies within the company, promoting the reduction of impacts associated with waste disposal, the optimization of organic resource use, and the decrease in energy costs in production processes. Thus, the project focused on integrating circular economy practices and responsible environmental management within the agro-industrial context. Based on waste generation parameters, a fully mixed dome-type biodigester was designed, which was deemed suitable for managing organic waste from agro-industrial sources. The system was sized with a total volume of 57 m³ per reactor (39 m³ fermentation chamber + 13 m³ dome, with a safety factor of 10%), with a daily load of 642 kg/day → Vd = 642 kg (waste) + 642 kg (water) = 1,284 kg/day, with a mixing ratio of 1:1 (organic waste : water) → weekly load: 8,988 kg/week ≈ 9,000 kg/week to favor the anaerobic digestion process.Tipo de ítem: Ítem , Fortalecimiento de la Gestión del Riesgo de Desastres por Incendios Forestales e Inundaciones en la Gobernación del Vichada(Universidad Santo Tomás, 2026-03-11) Botello Silva, Karol Fiorella; Bustamante Zapata, Angelica María; Heredia Achagua, Elmer Alonso; Universidad Santo Tomás; https://scienti.minciencias.gov.co/cvlac/visualizador/generarCurriculoCv.do?cod_rh=0001259113; http://scholar.google.com/citations?user=bNd6GSkAAAAJ&hl=es; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5391-8646The purpose of this document is to present the various activities developed during the internship at the Departmental Coordination of Disaster Risk Management (CDGRD) of the Vichada Governorate. The internship focuses on strengthening prevention, mitigation, and response strategies for adverse events outlined in the Departmental Plan for Disaster Risk Management. The objective of this internship is based on the need to strengthen institutional and community disaster risk management, especially in the face of the most recurrent threats such as forest fires and floods. This need is reflected in the limitations of hydrometeorological monitoring systems, the limited capacity for anticipation, and the importance of promoting coordination between local authorities and rural communities. To achieve this objective, methodologies were used that include document review of municipal plans and reports, analysis of geospatial information (IDEAM, ICDE, and FIRMS NASA), the development of thematic maps in ArcGIS, the design of municipal resource inventories, and participation in community training sessions focused primarily on forest fire response. Among the main achievements of the internship are the development of a territorial assessment of risk scenarios in the department's four municipalities, the development and analysis of fire and flood hazard maps, and active participation in community training processes for initial emergency response. Likewise, support was provided for the issuance of emergency reports in the department and assistance was provided to identify gaps in hydrometeorological monitoring systems. In addition, support will be provided for coordination between the government, communities, and other local entities to foster a more participatory, effective, and sustainable risk management culture.Tipo de ítem: Ítem , Acciones para el cumplimiento del plan de compensación para el predio Chaleche en la cuenca alta del río Bogotá, municipio de Sesquilé: pasantía en HSE services de Colombia SAS(Universidad Santo Tomás, 2025-11-13) Cuesta Rodriguez, Stefanny; Triana Galeano, Jose Leonardo; Cortes Naranjo, Diego Andrey; Bustamante Zapata, Angélica María; Universidad Santo Tomás; https://scienti.minciencias.gov.co/cvlac/visualizador/generarCurriculoCv.do?cod_rh=0001601571; https://scienti.minciencias.gov.co/cvlac/visualizador/generarCurriculoCv.do?cod_rh=0001259113; https://scholar.google.es/citations?user=yv5DCH4AAAAJ&hl=es; https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=bNd6GSkAAAAJ&hl=es; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5391-8646; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1040-6744This document presents the experience of the internship carried out at the company HSE Services de Colombia SAS, with the aim of contributing to the implementation of actions to comply with the Environmental Compensation Plan identified with contract number 3664387750, corresponding to the recovery of the Chaleche Parte Alta property, located in the upper basin of the Bogotá River, in the municipality of Sesquilé. The aforementioned actions consisted of the characterization of fauna and flora and the preparation of inventories. Thirteen camera traps were installed, recording 12 species of fauna, of which six were bird species and six were mammal species with fundamental ecological functions such as seed dispersal, insect control, and trophic balance. and the installation of a permanent monitoring plot, which recorded 18 species of vegetation. Likewise, ecological diversity indices were estimated, revealing high diversity (Simpson = 0.8878) and low dominance (Berger-Parker = 0.2092) in the understory; and high diversity (Simpson = 0.8447) and lower dominance (Berger-Parker = 0.3045) in the shrubland and sapling strata. Subsequently, restoration activities were carried out on 114 hectares of páramo that were severely degraded due to intensive livestock farming, an activity that caused soil compaction, decreased water availability, and loss of biodiversity. The project is part of the National Ecological Restoration Strategy (MADS, 2018), which sets a target of restoring one million hectares by 2030. Two local watchmen from the Chaleche estate collaborated on the project, promoting the application of traditional knowledge and applied science, thus complying with the technical, regulatory, and social aspects of the compensation plan. The experience of this process made it possible to strengthen sustainability on this property as a long-term strategic objective.Tipo de ítem: Ítem , Innovación en la identificación de riesgos medioambientales de los SG-SST mediante el uso de inteligencia artificial(Universidad Santo Tomás, 2025-12-17) Colina Ramos, Juan Esteban; Cortes Naranjo, Diego Andrey; Rojas Reina, Christian Jose; Universidad Santo Tomás; https://scienti.minciencias.gov.co/cvlac/visualizador/generarCurriculoCv.do?cod_rh=0001601571; https://scienti.minciencias.gov.co/cvlac/visualizador/generarCurriculoCv.do?cod_rh=0000089317; https://scholar.google.es/citations?user=yv5DCH4AAAAJ&hl=es; https://scholar.google.es/citations?hl=es&user=gNCWhQIAAAAJ; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1040-6744; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1044-3329A bibliographic and documentary review was conducted examining the incorporation of Artificial Intelligence (AI) techniques into Occupational Health and Safety Management Systems (SG-SST) for the early detection of environmental risks. Several approaches based on supervised and unsupervised machine learning, such as convolutional neural networks and clustering algorithms, were identified as effective for detecting patterns of pollution, variations in suspended particles, and thermal anomalies that would otherwise go unnoticed or require extensive manual processes with conventional methods (Tang et al., 2024; Fazli et al., 2025). In a context where the complexity of industrial and extractive environments is growing xponentially, these tools enable continuous analysis of time series and real-time data streams, reducing both error margins and false positives (Abiodun et al., 2023). In the current technological landscape, the integration of Internet of Things (IoT) sensors and unmanned aerial vehicles (drones) provides occupational safety management systems (SG-SST) with multisensory information sources that feed AI cloud platforms. This integration allows the development of interactive dashboards capable of geospatially representing pollutant distribution and issuing automatic alerts when critical thresholds, previously defined according to regulations, are exceeded (AutCon, 2024; Mariano, Almada & Dutra, 2024). Furthermore, these systems not only learn from new field data but also adapt their models through continuous feedback, reinforcing a culture of prevention and enabling proactive planning of mitigation measures (Xu & Saleh, 2020). This literature review addresses the integration of AI into SG-SST for the early detection of environmental risks. Applications of machine learning, computer vision, and time-series modeling combined with IoT sensors and drones for real-time data collection were identified from scientific literature, technical reports, and case studies. The findings show that these tools reduce error margins and false positives, enhance predictive capacity, and support timely, data-driven decisionmaking. At the same time, the review highlights the need for ethical and regulatory frameworks that ensure algorithmic transparency, as well as participatory processes that involve worker validation and training. Thus, AI emerges not merely as a monitoring resource but as a transformative element in organizational culture and environmental management. This research offers a methodological framework that can be replicated across multiple sectors, from construction to mining, and serves as a starting point for the development of future SG-SST standards grounded in evidence and sustainability. As emphasized by Assies (2000) and Grimson (2011) in the field of epistemic justice, acknowledging workers’ experience and local realities in model calibration ensures fairer and more resilient risk management, capable of balancing productivity demands with the protection of the environment and occupational health.Tipo de ítem: Ítem , Logisroute S.A.S: emprendimiento innovador en la optimización logística y gestión de flotas pesadas(Universidad Santo Tomás, 0025-11-25) Vargas Rozo, Juan Camilo; Pérez González, José Alejandro; Orjuela Lozano, Wilmer Alberto; Universidad Santo Tomás; https://scienti.minciencias.gov.co/cvlac/visualizador/generarCurriculoCv.do?cod_rh=0001652363LogisRoute S.A.S. is a Colombian company focused on offering logistics solutions through a technological platform designed for managing heavy fleets on national routes. Its purpose is to optimize product distribution in Colombia, particularly in the engineering sector, where it addresses challenges such as inefficient route planning, reactive vehicle maintenance, and high fuel consumption. The LogisRoute S.A.S. platform employs predictive analytics and big data to improve operational efficiency, reduce operating costs and downtime, and extend the lifespan of vehicles. Through a digital subscription model, the company offers its clients an integrated solution that includes route optimization, real-time fleet monitoring, and predictive maintenance management, allowing significant savings in fuel and operational costs. With a flexible organizational structure under the Simplified Stock Corporation (S.A.S.) regime, LogisRoute S.A.S. has projected a 60% ROI by the end of the third year, reflecting the progressive growth and sustained profitability of the project. The business model demonstrates great scalability potential, with the ability to expand operations both nationally and internationally in the coming years. Additionally, the project has a positive impact on reducing emissions and contributes to the generation of technological employment in the country. To carry out the implementation, the company is seeking funding through crowdfunding platforms and participating in business fairs to secure the necessary resources for its development and expansion.Tipo de ítem: Ítem , Nuevas tecnologías aplicadas al sector agrícola para la reducción de peligros a la salud y al medioambiente asociado con plaguicidas(Universidad Santo Tomás, 2025-07-12) Cifuentes Manyoma, Sebastian; Murcia Fandiño, Jonathan Steven; Universidad Santo Tomás; https://scienti.minciencias.gov.co/cvlac/visualizador/generarCurriculoCv.do?cod_rh=0001512364; https://scholar.google.es/citations?hl=es&pli=1&user=9V7e_MsAAAAJ; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1849-6847Population growth and improved socioeconomic conditions have led to increased food demand, driving agricultural production and the overexploitation of arable land. Pesticides and fertilizers play a crucial role in crop development and food security. However, excessive use has resulted in significant environmental and human health risks. Emerging agricultural technologies offer promising solutions to mitigate the risks associated with pesticide use, enhancing sustainability and food production safety. Precision agriculture, biopesticides, and decision-support systems have proven particularly effective in reducing chemical usage and optimizing resources. This study presents a state-of-the-art review on the impact of new technologies in minimizing pesticide application and their effects on health and the environment. A total of 54 articles were selected based on specific criteria from Springer Link, Science Direct, Google Scholar, and Academic Search Ultimate. The reviewed studies indicate that these technologies can improve agricultural yields, depending on crop type and local conditions. However, their adoption in developing countries faces significant challenges, including high initial investment, low awareness, and limited risk tolerance. To overcome these barriers, it is essential to develop public policies that promote sustainable technology adoption, provide economic incentives, and enhance access to technical training. Additionally, increased investment in research and development is required to adapt these technologies to local conditions and make them more accessible to small-scale farmers. Collaboration between academic institutions, governments, and the private sector is crucial to fostering innovation and ensuring that these technologies benefit all farmers, regardless of their scale or location.Tipo de ítem: Ítem , Impacto del desarrollo y desafíos de la globalización en las comunidades indígenas del amazonas en Perú y Colombia en el contexto de la conservación cultural y territorial(Universidad Santo Tomás, 2025-03-03) Cortés Delgado, Emily Camila; Cortés Naranjo, Diego Andrey; Universidad Santo Tomás; https://scienti.minciencias.gov.co/cvlac/visualizador/generarCurriculoCv.do?cod_rh=0001601571; https://scholar.google.es/citations?user=yv5DCH4AAAAJ&hl=es; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1040-6744This study analyzes the impact of development and globalization on indigenous communities in the Amazon, with a comparative focus on Peru and Colombia. It centers on territorial conservation and reforestation practices, evaluating how state policies and international pressures influence the management of the Amazon rainforest and the preservation of indigenous cultures. Based on sustainable development theories (Echeverri, 2009) and the effects of globalization (Ulloa, 2004), the work aims to identify key dynamics affecting these communities. The research is developed through a documentary and bibliographic analysis, utilizing secondary sources that include government reports, academic studies, and data from non-governmental organizations. This methodology enabled the examination of conservation policy implementation and the outcomes of reforestation programs in both regions. The comparative analysis reveals patterns in the adoption of sustainable practices and the relationship of communities with external actors. The results show significant differences: in Peru, state support has facilitated the integration of reforestation programs, whereas in Colombia, territorial conflicts and the lack of recognition of indigenous rights limit these efforts (Gómez, 2010; García, 2021). Despite these differences, globalization has had ambivalent effects in both countries, providing access to resources and technologies while also intensifying rainforest exploitation. The study concludes that environmental sustainability in the Amazon depends on strengthening the autonomy of indigenous communities and ensuring the recognition of their territorial rights. Only through this approach will it be possible to promote effective conservation and sustainable reforestation in the face of development and globalization pressures.Tipo de ítem: Ítem , Evaluación de los resultados de los modelos climáticos globales del proyecto CMIP5 y CMPI6 para la precipitación y temperatura para Colombia(Universidad Santo Tomás, 2025-06-12) Mora Diaz, Andrea Viviana; Burgos Contento, Jair Esteban; Gómez Ortiz, Carlos David; Universidad Santo Tomás; https://scienti.minciencias.gov.co/cvlac/visualizador/generarCurriculoCv.do?cod_rh=0001601714; https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=3wJac4AAAAAJ&hl=es; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1052-971XClimate change has significantly altered global temperature and precipitation patterns, with particularly severe impacts on vulnerable regions such as Colombia. In this context, Global Climate Models (GCMs) from the CMIP5 and CMIP6 projects serve as valuable tools for projecting and understanding future climate trends. This study aimed to evaluate the performance of these models in representing the annual cycle of air temperature and precipitation in Colombia, using observational data from IDEAM and simulations from selected global models. The methodology was structured in three phases: (1) collection and processing of observational and reanalysis data; (2) spatial interpolation using the Inverse Distance Weighting (IDW) method to construct multi-annual climatological maps of temperature and precipitation; and (3) statistical validation of model outputs using metrics such as RMSE and Pearson correlation, compared against data from meteorological stations located at the country’s main airports. The results revealed a sustained increase in average monthly temperatures across most of the national territory between the periods 1971–2000 and 1991–2020, with a more pronounced rise in the Caribbean and Orinoco regions. In terms of precipitation, spatial redistribution and a reduction in peak values were identified, particularly in highly humid areas such as the Pacific coast. The evaluated models displayed varying levels of accuracy depending on the region and variable, with FGOALS-gl (CMIP5) emerging as the best-performing model overall. It is concluded that, while global models have limitations in accurately simulating Colombia’s complex climate, their integration with local observational data provides valuable insights for environmental management and territorial planning. The use of downscaling techniques and continuous local validation is recommended to enhance applicability, as well as incorporating these findings into climate change adaptation and mitigation policies.Tipo de ítem: Ítem , Macroinvertebrados como bioindicadores de la calidad del agua en ecosistemas de agua dulce(Universidad Santo Tomás, 2025-07-04) Cárdenas López, Daniel Ignacio; Trujillo González, Daniel Eduardo; Universidad Santo Tomás; http://scienti.colciencias.gov.co:8081/cvlac/visualizador/generarCurriculoCv.do?cod_rh=0000765775; https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=ynsm91MAAAAJ&hl=es; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5234-3158This work explores the use of macroinvertebrates as bioindicators of water quality in freshwater ecosystems. Macroinvertebrates, including insects, mollusks, crustaceans, and annelids, are essential for assessing aquatic ecosystem health due to their sensitivity to environmental changes. Several biological indices used for this assessment are highlighted. The BMWP/Col classifies macroinvertebrate families based on their tolerance to organic pollution, while the ASPT provides a water quality measure independent of taxon richness. The EPT index focuses on the presence of Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera, and Trichoptera, which are highly sensitive to pollution. The Shannon-Weaver diversity index evaluates both species richness and the evenness in the distribution of individuals. Macroinvertebrate collection employs qualitative, quantitative, and semi-quantitative methods, ensuring the representativeness and comparability of samples. Measurable variables include taxonomic, ecological, and physicochemical aspects of water, providing a detailed understanding of the structure and dynamics of macroinvertebrate communities. The design of monitoring networks with standardized protocols is crucial for comparing results across studies and regions. These protocols ensure the consistency and reliability of data, fundamental for decision-making in environmental management. Macroinvertebrates not only provide an integrated evaluation of water quality but also foster community participation through training and environmental education programs. However, challenges such as the natural variability of ecosystems and the need for precise taxonomic identification are acknowledged. In conclusion, macroinvertebrates are valuable tools for monitoring water quality. Their use, combined with biological indices and standardized sampling methods, provides a solid foundation for the management and conservation of water resources, promoting sustainable and equitable management of aquatic ecosystems.Tipo de ítem: Ítem , Fortalecimiento de los procesos en la gestión de recolección y transporte de los residuos sólidos en El Retorno, Guaviare(Universidad Santo Tomás, 2025-06-11) Agudelo Arévalo, Laura Daniela; Bustamante Zapata, Angelica Maria; Quiroz Duran, Jorge Eliecer; Universidad Santo Tomás; https://scienti.minciencias.gov.co/cvlac/visualizador/generarCurriculoCv.do?cod_rh=0001259113; http://scholar.google.com/citations?user=bNd6GSkAAAAJ&hl=es; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5391-8646This report presents the results of a professional internship carried out at the company APC Servir, located in the municipality of El Retorno, Guaviare. The main objective was to optimize the solid waste collection and transportation service, an essential task within local environmental management, as it contributes to maintaining order and cleanliness in the surroundings, preventing impacts on public health, and improving the quality of life of the residents. The internship was undertaken as a graduation requirement for the Environmental Engineering degree, allowing for the practical application of knowledge acquired during academic training in a real-world setting. Through this experience, the service provided by the company was strengthened, while deepening the understanding of operational processes, daily challenges, and opportunities for improvement in terms of sustainability and efficiency. The work was divided into three phases. First, a general diagnosis of the service was carried out, identifying routes, critical points, and working conditions of the staff. In the second phase, efforts focused on optimizing the collection microroutes, particularly in the urban area and the inspections of La Libertad and El Unilla, aiming to improve coverage and reduce time and resource consumption. Finally, an operational manual was developed to organize and standardize service activities, providing clear guidelines on planning, safety, and the use of Personal Protective Equipment, with the purpose of facilitating training and ensuring regulatory compliance. A follow-up and monitoring plan was also designed to verify that the sanitation service is carried out efficiently and in accordance with established guidelines. The project strengthened the operation of the sanitation service in the municipality of El Retorno through a technical review, route redesign, and the development of key operational tools. By applying both technical and academic approaches from environmental engineering, the work contributed to process improvement, promoting a more efficient and sustainable solid waste management system.Tipo de ítem: Ítem , Una revisión acerca de los tratamientos aplicados a los residuos peligrosos generados en la industria del petróleo y gas(Universidad Santo Tomás, 2025-08-21) Rojas Monzón, Valentina; Murcia Fandiño, Jonathan Steven; Universidad Santo Tomás; https://scienti.minciencias.gov.co/cvlac/visualizador/generarCurriculoCv.do?cod_rh=0001512364; https://scholar.google.es/citations?hl=es&pli=1&user=9V7e_MsAAAAJ; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1849-6847Global oil production, which by the end of 2023 reached approximately 95 million barrels per day, generates a large amount of hazardous waste that poses a significant environmental challenge. In the oil and gas industry, activities such as exploration, drilling, extraction, refining, and distribution produce waste such as oily sludge, water contaminated with hydrocarbons and heavy metals, as well as atmospheric emissions like methane. These wastes negatively affect ecosystems, human health, and the communities within the operational area of influence. In this context, the present research aims to conduct a systematic review of the treatments applied to hazardous waste generated in this industry, focusing mainly on physicochemical, biological, and thermal treatments. Highlighted processes include bioremediation, phytoremediation, incineration, pyrolysis, thermolysis, thermal desorption, as well as treatments using membranes and absorbent materials. These methods offer various advantages, although their effectiveness depends on factors such as the waste composition, environmental conditions, costs, and technical feasibility. This study concludes that, although effective treatments exist to reduce the impact of hazardous waste, it is essential to promote an integrated, sustainable, and context-specific management approach that combines technical efficiency, regulatory rigor, and socio-environmental commitment from the oil industry.Tipo de ítem: Ítem , Relación entre procesos de restauración ecológica y modelos financieros de captura de carbono: una experiencia en la selva central del Perú(Universidad Santo Tomás, 2025-06-10) Wilches Pardo, Sergio Alfredo; Velosa Caicedo, Rodrigo Isaac; Universidad Santo Tomás; https://scienti.minciencias.gov.co/cvlac/visualizador/generarCurriculoCv.do?cod_rh=0001057120; https://scholar.google.es/citations?hl=es&user=yQnEuEQAAAAJ; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4316-1405The Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation (REDD+) mechanism has the potential to provide to developing countries with significant financing for ecological restoration activities that contribute to climate change mitigation, sustainable management, and carbon stock enhancement. To stimulate and inform the debate on the role of ecological restoration in REDD+, a case study (the Digital Conservation Offset project, Peru) describes the opportunities and challenges of using science-based restoration projects and programs to achieve REDD+'s objectives of reducing greenhouse gas emissions and storing carbon in native ecosystems. Now that the REDD+ mechanism has expanded beyond focusing solely on activities that affect carbon budgets to also include those that enhance ecosystem services and generate other co-benefits for biodiversity and communities, ecological restoration could play an increasingly important role. However, in many countries, practical tools and guidance are lacking for implementing effective restoration projects and programs that capture carbon while simultaneously improving ecosystem integrity and resilience. This state of the art shows the case of the CDC Project in the Peruvian Amazon which was established by the Catholic University of Perú, Sapiente Campus. This document provides a state-of-the-art analysis of the relationship between ecological restoration processes and financial models for carbon sequestration in the central Peruvian rainforest. This approach is based on a documentary review and field experience developed within the framework of an academic exchange between the University of Santo Tomás (USTA) and the Catholic University of Peru (Sapiente Campus). Through this work and a scient-metric exercise, the main trends, approaches, and gaps surrounding the application of these models in rural contexts are identified, with an emphasis on their socioeconomic and ecological impact. The reader will find a critical analysis of how carbon credits, and to a lesser extent than other mechanism such as voluntary offsets, can contribute to restoration and sustainable rural development, especially when applied on small properties known as "chacras," where agroforestry crops, forest remnants, and regenerating areas coexist.Tipo de ítem: Ítem , Evaluación del riesgo ambiental por sustancias químicas usadas operaciones en empresas de servicios generales(Universidad Santo Tomás, 2024-11-29) Hinestroza Pedreros, Yived Tatiana; Murcia Fandiño, Jonathan Steven; Universidad Santo Tomás; https://scienti.minciencias.gov.co/cvlac/visualizador/generarCurriculoCv.do?cod_rh=0001512364; https://scholar.google.es/citations?hl=es&pli=1&user=9V7e_MsAAAAJ; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1849-6847There are different environmental risks generated by the use of chemical substances or products used in cleaning and maintenance work, which increase the deterioration of the environment. It is important that these impacts be evaluated in order to identify their effects and establish strategies that contribute to their reduction. This paper addresses a bibliographic review aimed at assessing the risk of handling chemical substances in companies that provide general services, describing the distinct methodologies found, the effect of exposure to these chemical components, the base documents suitable for the initiation of a process of continuous improvement through its organizational structure, as well as the effects on human health due to prolonged exposure to chemical agents used in cleaning activities. The main objective is to establish a baseline of information where organizations can obtain the best aspects of the bibliography consulted and be applied in companies that provide cleaning services. According to the results obtained, it is identified that in the last 10 years different methodologies have been developed which facilitate the professional to generate a robust diagnosis, in the same way, it allows to make an evaluation of the environmental risk and its effects in the companies.Tipo de ítem: Ítem , Cambio de coberturas de suelo en la zona de ronda hídrica del Río Güejar, producto de las actividades económicas posteriores a la firma del Acuerdo de Paz, en el municipio de San Juan de Arama (Meta).(Universidad Santo Tomás, 2024-12-18) Roa Tunjano, Danny Aidy; Burgos Contento, Jair Esteban; Universidad Santo Tomás; https://scienti.minciencias.gov.co/cvlac/visualizador/generarCurriculoCv.do?cod_rh=0001601714; https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=3wJac4AAAAAJ&hl=es; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1052-971XThis study analyzes land cover changes in the Güejar River watershed, San Juan de Arama (Meta), during the period 2012-2022, in the context of the economic dynamics following the signing of the Peace Agreement in Colombia. Using tools such as ArcGIS 10.3 and data from the Colombian Environmental Information System (SIAC), a significant decrease in forested areas was evidenced, with losses of 68.13% in dense forests and 50% in gallery forests. At the same time, there was a 117% increase in areas of cleared pasture, reflecting the intensification of livestock and agricultural activities. In addition, emerging tourism on the Güejar River has driven additional landscape transformations, increasing pressure on riparian ecosystems. This panorama underscores the need to implement sustainable practices in productive and tourism activities, as well as to strengthen territorial planning to mitigate environmental degradation and conserve critical ecosystem services in the region.Tipo de ítem: Ítem , Desarrollo de proyectos ambientales en el departamento del Meta: experiencia práctica profesional en la agencia para la infraestructura del Meta(Universidad Santo Tomás, 2025-01-15) Barbosa Neira, Sharon Daniela; Arboleda Montes, Leydy Johanna; Universidad Santo Tomas; https://scienti.minciencias.gov.co/cvlac/visualizador/generarCurriculoCv.do?cod_rh=0000115799; https://scholar.google.es/citations?hl=es&user=8Odmoc4AAAAJ; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4234-5384During the professional practice, activities focused on natural disaster risk prevention were carried out in the department of Meta, identifying 13 critical points affected by the phenomenon of floods and mass movements. In this document, these activities were developed in three of these compromised areas being this porphyria, Chapinero Alto and San Juan de Ocoa. The main objective was to implement environmental management measures that would contribute to the mitigation of these risks. Secondary research was conducted on the general morphological and topographical characteristics of the city of Villavicencio; this information was used as a basis for the identification of environmental impacts, threats and the elaboration of the Conesa matrix. Once the results were obtained, the environmental management plans were prepared to be attached to the PAGA document, for the request of environmental permits by the Cormacarena entity. The execution of the projects began with the signing of the initiation minutes, followed by the continuous monitoring of the activities of the works and the publication of the documents on the SECOP II page, until the liquidation and completion of each project. The results obtained not only included the morphological and topographical identification of the city of Villavicencio, in which a high vulnerability to floods and mass movements was evidenced, which gave way to the elaboration of the Conesa matrix, but also facilitated the analysis of the environmental impacts of the projects, in addition, the main threats such as the risks of torrential floods of the Pendejo stream and the Ocoa river were highlighted. All this allowed for the preparation of environmental management plans to mitigate the negative effects on the environment leading up to the publication of the SECCOP II documentation.Tipo de ítem: Ítem , Implementación de la metodología “Water Sensitive Cities Index - WSCI” en la ciudad de Villavicencio, como estrategia técnica que evidencia la gestión del recurso hídrico.(Universidad Santo Tomás, 2024-03-11) Salamanca Medina, Yeimy Carolaing; Rojas Reina, Christian Jose; Universidad Santo Tomas; https://scienti.minciencias.gov.co/cvlac/visualizador/generarCurriculoCv.do?cod_rh=0000089317; https://scholar.google.es/citations?hl=es&user=GiWWc18AAAAJ; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1044-3329This report presents the findings from the application of the "Water Sensitive Cities Index" (WSCI) methodology in Villavicencio, Meta, aimed at evaluating the management of water resources in the city's water supply system. The study is part of a broader project analyzing the relationship between urban development and water network configuration in intermediate Colombian cities. Key changes in the urban morphology and their impact on water infrastructure were identified through multitemporal analysis. Three focus groups (users, academia, and managers) assessed the 34 WSCI indicators using a scale based on the ILO (2021) methodology. The results reveal both progress and areas for improvement in water management, emphasizing the importance of water planning and local stakeholder engagement.Tipo de ítem: Ítem , Evaluación de las aguas residuales industriales con enmiendas minerales para la producción de bioinsumos en BioAgro - Meta(Universidad Santo Tomás, 2025-03-05) Monje Molina, Karen Geraldine; Sastoque Salcedo, Angela María; Arboleda Montes, leydy Johana; Universidad Santo Tomás; https://scienti.minciencias.gov.co/cvlac/visualizador/generarCurriculoCv.do?cod_rh=0000003431; https://scienti.minciencias.gov.co/cvlac/visualizador/generarCurriculoCv.do?cod_rh=0000115799; https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=02ePzCIAAAAJ&hl=es&authuser=1; https://scholar.google.es/citations?hl=es&user=8Odmoc4AAAAJ; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7670-2939; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4234-5384This document evaluates the use of industrial wastewater treated with mineral amendment to produce bioinputs in the company BioAgro, a microbiological line was established for the soil before and after application of the bioinput, Monitoring key variables such as plant height, leaf width, number of leaves, electrical conductivity and pH. Salt decantation practices were also implemented to obtain mineral amendments such as caliphs and ormus, with the aim of enriching the soil and improving its fertility. The results showed that the use of mineral amendments allowed a growth in beneficial microbial activity of the soil, favoring experimental crops of Sorgo and Avena. It concludes that the re-use of industrial wastewater together with mineral amendment is a sustainable strategy for regenerative agriculture, contributing to the reduction of environmental impacts in the use of chemicals and optimizing water resources in the agricultural sector.Tipo de ítem: Ítem , Estrategias para la gestión de residuos de construcción y demolición en la microcuenca del caño buque en villavicencio, meta(Universidad Santo Tomás, 2025-03-06) Alfonso Bohorquez, Catalina; Bustamante Zapata, Angelica Maria; Universidad Santo Tomás; https://scienti.minciencias.gov.co/cvlac/visualizador/generarCurriculoCv.do?cod_rh=0001259113; http://scholar.google.com/citations?user=bNd6GSkAAAAJ&hl=es; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5391-8646The Caño Buque micro-watershed, located in the city of Villavicencio, Meta, spans approximately 19.1 km and has a drainage area of 5.71 km². It is a vital water resource for both the ecosystem and the local community. However, it faces a critical pollution problem and suffers from a lack of research and limited information. The primary source of contamination in the water body comes from the improper disposal of Construction and Demolition Waste (CDW), which affects water quality and contributes to soil and air pollution, creating significant challenges for CDW management in the city. The participation of citizens and other local actors is important to address this issue, considering that environmental education is essential to raise awareness in the community, promoting social responsibility and strengthening environmental culture. Additionally, adopting a circular economy approach in solid waste management is advised, aiming to reduce, recycle, and reuse materials, thereby generating environmental and economic benefits. Furthermore, the implementation of Geographic Information Systems (GIS) would enable more precise environmental planning and optimal management of natural resources, benefiting both the ecosystem and the local communities.