A review from the epistemology of the sciences, STEM education and the low performance of the natural sciences in basic and secondary education
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Universidad Santo Tomás
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El artículo presenta una revisión sistemática de literatura a partir de los conceptos de modelización, epistemología y didáctica de las ciencias, con el propósito de obtener los fundamentos teóricos para la construcción de un modelo didáctico que aporte a la enseñanza de la educación STEM. El problema de investigación propuesto se estableció desde la perspectiva del bajo desempeño de los estudiantes en ciencias naturales y matemáticas. Siendo esta problemática de interés mundial estudiada por académicos, investigadores e instituciones educativas. A partir del análisis de la literatura y los resultados de las pruebas censales nacionales y muestrales internacionales, se infiere que no existe una cabal comprensión de los conceptos científicos y matemáticos, y hay una tendencia a disminuir el número de estudiantes que estudian carreras en las que dichos conceptos se aplican. Finalmente, se concluye que la integración de la epistemologia y la educación STEM permiten construir una alternativa didáctica desde la modelización que aporte a la enseñanza de las ciencias.
The article presents a systematic review of literature based on the concepts of modeling, epistemology and didactics of science, with the purpose of obtaining the theoretical foundations for the construction of a didactic model that contributes to the teaching of STEM education. The proposed research problem was established from the perspective of the low performance of students in natural sciences and mathematics. This problem is of worldwide interest and has been studied by academics, researchers and educational institutions. From the analysis of the literature and the results of the national census and international sample tests, it is inferred that there is not a complete understanding of the scientific and mathematical concepts, and there is a tendency to decrease the number of students who study careers where these concepts are applied. Finally, it is concluded that the integration of epistemology and STEM education allow for the construction of a didactic alternative from modeling that contributes to science teaching.
The article presents a systematic review of literature based on the concepts of modeling, epistemology and didactics of science, with the purpose of obtaining the theoretical foundations for the construction of a didactic model that contributes to the teaching of STEM education. The proposed research problem was established from the perspective of the low performance of students in natural sciences and mathematics. This problem is of worldwide interest and has been studied by academics, researchers and educational institutions. From the analysis of the literature and the results of the national census and international sample tests, it is inferred that there is not a complete understanding of the scientific and mathematical concepts, and there is a tendency to decrease the number of students who study careers where these concepts are applied. Finally, it is concluded that the integration of epistemology and STEM education allow for the construction of a didactic alternative from modeling that contributes to science teaching.
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Didáctica de las ciencias, epistemología, educación STEM, modelización, Didactics of science, epistemology, STEM education, modelling training
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