Modelo de datos para la Gestión Integral del Recurso Hídrico en el ordenamiento territorial

Abstract

This research develops a data model proposal aimed at strengthening the management of information related to water resources within land-use planning processes in Colombia. The main objective is to structure and standardize the data required for technical instruments and studies associated with the administration and planning of water resources, such as Watershed Management and Planning Plans (POMCA), Water Resource Management Plans (PORH), the delimitation of water protection zones, and other territorial environmental management processes. The research adopts Subsequent Hydrographic Units (UHS), defined by IDEAM and the Ministry of Environment and Sustainable Development, as the reference unit due to their relevance as a spatial organization framework for environmental territorial planning. Based on this structure, seven thematic components were defined: base cartography, climate, water resources, soils, eomorphology, biodiversity, and socioeconomic variables. These components were organized into categories and subcategories to facilitate interoperability, integration, and management of both geographic and alphanumeric information. As a methodological foundation, a comparative analysis was conducted among different data governance approaches, including DAMA, COBIT, Gartner, and IBM, identifying DAMA as an appropriate methodology for establishing guidelines related to data quality, metadata management, security, role definition, and information lifecycle management. These elements were incorporated into the model design with the purpose of improving the traceability, consistency, and availability of data used in water resource management. The development of the proposal was based on the experience gained during the construction of an institutional data model for the Corporación Autónoma Regional para la Defensa de la Meseta de Bucaramanga (CDMB), focused on the organization and administration of geographic information associated with environmental projects. This experience made it possible to identify real needs regarding data structuring, standardization, and integration in processes related to water resources and land-use planning, providing technical criteria for the definition of the proposed model. As a result, a data model structured under data governance principles and oriented toward territorial management was obtained. The model defines thematic components, information relationships, and guidelines for the collection, storage, and management of data associated with water resources. The proposal seeks to contribute to technical and administrative decision-making through organized, standardized, and reliable information, promoting environmental sustainability and compliance with regulatory requirements associated with land-use planning.