Factores de riesgo ergonómico en atención primaria en Salud: una revisión de alcance para orientar intervenciones de mejora en Colombia

Abstract

This study corresponds to a scoping review aimed at analyzing how ergonomic risks affecting primary health care personnel in Colombia have been addressed in the scientific literature, in order to identify the main risk factors, their effects on occupational health, and the intervention strategies reported. The method involved the systematic search, selection, review, and analysis of scientific literature published between 2015 and 2025 in recognized databases, including national and international studies related to ergonomic risks, musculoskeletal disorders, and preventive measures in health service institutions at the primary level of care. The results reveal a high prevalence of biomechanical risks associated with awkward postures, repetitive movements, manual patient handling, prolonged sitting, and workload overload, as well as a significant relationship between these conditions and the development of musculoskeletal disorders, physical fatigue, and reduced occupational well-being. In addition, the findings indicate that ergonomic interventions are predominantly applied in a reactive manner and show limited integration into institutional management systems. In conclusion, the analyzed evidence highlights the need to strengthen preventive and comprehensive approaches, prioritizing participatory ergonomics, staff training, and the systematic incorporation of ergonomic criteria into Occupational Health and Safety Management Systems, as key strategies to improve occupational health, quality of life, and functional performance among primary health care workers.