Especialización Seguridad y Salud en el Trabajo

URI permanente para esta colecciónhttp://hdl.handle.net/11634/34857

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Impacto de la promoción de estilos de vida saludables en trabajadores colombianos del sector construcción desde el enfoque del SG-SST: revisión de alcance de la literatura científica publicada entre 2018 y 2025
(Universidad Santo Tomás, 2026-10-15) Lis Estupiñan, Maria Alejandra; Araujo Rosero, Omaira Lucely; Mendoza Pimiento, Luzday Fernanda; Montes Moreno, Sandra Milena; Universidad Santo Tomas
The construction sector in Colombia is considered one of the country's most important economic activities, boosting social progress, productivity, economic growth and job creation. However, it is also part of high-risk activities, categorized as IV and V risk, which implies several different negative effects to health, both at the physical and psychological level. For that reason, this qualitative and descriptive research, had the objective of analyzing the impact and benefits of promoting healthy lifestyles in construction workers, from bibliographic revision spanning 2018 to 2025, taking into account exclusion and inclusion criteria. The obtained results evidence a positive relation between the promotion of healthy lifestyles and health, life quality and physical and psychological well-being, in addition to preventing and decreasing absenteeism, fatigue and work-related stress; nonetheless, there is not enough evidence to correlate the promotion and job satisfaction, since they are considered independent variables. It is concluded that the promotion of healthy lifestyle habits generates benefits in the workers' health, if individual needs and characteristics are taken into account, besides recognizing that organizations must continue strengthening and adapting these strategies to their context conditions.
Relación entre hábitos saludables y bienestar laboral en trabajadores del sector salud: revisión de alcance de la literatura científica, 2021-2025
(Universidad Santo Tomás, 2026-10-02) Rojas Murcia, Laura Daniela; Saldana Rodriguez, Luz Angela; Bolívar Cabarcas, Yolicette; Universidad Santo Tomás
In the healthcare sector, long working hours, heavy workloads, and limited time for rest can make it difficult to maintain healthy habits. Therefore, self-care does not depend solely on workers’ individual decisions, but also on the conditions in which they perform their work (Akerstrom et al., 2025; Fernández-Rubio, 2025). To analyze the relationship between these habits and workplace well-being, 25 studies published between 2021 and 2025 were reviewed. Physical activity was the most frequently addressed habit in the studies reviewed (40%), followed by stress management and coping strategies (36%), sleep and recovery (32%), and healthy eating (20%). Regarding workplace well-being, a large proportion of the studies focused on physical and psychological aspects, particularly stress, burnout, mental health, fatigue, and quality of life. Some studies also addressed job satisfaction and social support. Overall, several healthy habits were found to be positively associated with workers’ well-being, although this relationship was not consistent across all studies. In some cases, no significant associations were identified. The findings also showed that working conditions may either support or hinder healthcare workers’ ability to maintain these healthy habits.
Influencia de la edad de los trabajadores en los riesgos laborales y sus estrategias de prevención: revisión de alcance
(Universidad Santo Tomás, 2026-09-20) Betancourt Chamorro, Karen Vanessa; Ardila Jaimes, Claudia Patricia; Universidad Santo tomas
To analyze the main occupational risks associated with the aging workforce and the prevention strategies reported between 2015 and 2025. Methodology: a literature review was conducted based on scientific studies, institutional reports, and specialized documents on occupational health and safety. The search and selection of information made it possible to identify trends, recurring risks, and intervention proposals aimed at older workers in different productive sectors. Results: the review showed that older workers more frequently experience chronic diseases, musculoskeletal disorders, reduced sensory capacities, and slower recovery from injuries. In addition, factors such as high physical workload, long working hours, and limited technological adaptation of the workplace increase risks such as falls, overexertion, and fatigue. Although occupational accidents are less frequent in this group than among younger workers, their consequences are usually more severe. Conclusion: workforce aging requires prevention measures focused on ergonomics, age management, and the adaptation of workstations in order to protect health and make the most of older workers’ experience.
Efectos del Cambio climático en la seguridad y salud en el trabajo en Colombia y Latinoamérica: una revisión de alcance entre el 2021 y 2025
(Universidad Santo Tomás, 2026-09-17) Boada Quintero, Silvia Tatiana; Urueta Atencio, Julio César; Universidad Santo Tomás
This scoping review, conducted in accordance with the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) and PRISMA-ScR guidelines, analyzed 40 studies to examine the impacts of climate change on Occupational Safety and Health (OSH) in Colombia and Latin America from 2020 to 2026. The findings demonstrated that heat stress, air pollution, and vector-borne diseases significantly increase workplace accidents and illnesses, particularly in agriculture and construction. The discussion highlighted that climate change is an active and present risk that goes beyond traditional prevention measures. It was concluded that OSH management systems must urgently integrate climate adaptation and regional policies to protect the working population.
Aplicación del internet de las Cosas (IoT) en la prevención de accidentes laborales dentro del contexto de la industria 4.0.
(Universidad Santo Tomás, 2026-09-11) Puerto Becerra, Juan Manuel; Suárez Benavides, Jóse Manuel; Carrillo Avella, Sergio Alfonso; Guzman Rojas, Carlos Andres; Universidad Santo Tomas
This monograph analyzes the contribution of the Internet of Things (IoT) to the prevention of occupational accidents in industrial environments within the framework of Industry 4.0. Its main objective was to identify the principal IoT applications in Occupational Safety and Health, determine their preventive benefits, and recognize the limitations and challenges associated with their implementation. A documentary review of scientific literature published between 2023 and 2026 was conducted, mainly using databases such as IEEE Xplore, Scopus, and ScienceDirect. The selected information was organized and analyzed through thematic matrices focused on applications, sectors, benefits, and limitations. The results showed that IoT is mainly applied through smart sensors, real-time monitoring, predictive maintenance, alert systems, wearable devices, and smart personal protective equipment. These technologies support the early detection of hazardous conditions, remote monitoring, and data-driven decision-making, with particular relevance in manufacturing, construction, and mining. However, several limitations were identified, including technical complexity, infrastructure constraints, data quality and sensor accuracy, interoperability, implementation costs, connectivity, cybersecurity, training, and worker acceptance. The discussion showed that IoT effectiveness does not depend solely on technology, but also on its integration with preventive management, organizational processes, and Occupational Safety and Health Management Systems. It is concluded that IoT can strengthen accident prevention by promoting a more proactive, connected, and information-based approach, provided that technical, human, organizational, and data protection factors are properly addressed.
Barreras y facilitadores del teletrabajo en la inclusión laboral de personas con movilidad reducida: una revisión bibliográfica integradora
(Universidad Santo Tomás, 2026-08-26) Vera Forero, Leidy Vanessa; Figueroa Arrieta, Jhon Alexander; Arboleda Orovio, Jaaby Yesid; Salcedo Castro, Gustavo Adolfo; Universidad Santo Tomás
This integrative literature review analyzes the barriers and facilitators of telework in the labor inclusion of people with reduced mobility, based on scientific evidence published between 2015 and 2025. Using a systematic monograph methodology, 20 research studies were selected through eligibility criteria and analyzed using a categorical analysis matrix. The main findings reveal that, despite significant legislative developments in Colombia—such as Law 361 of 1997, Law 1618 of 2013, and the recent Labor Reform (Law 2466 of 2025)—substantial structural, architectural, and actitudinal barriers persist within organizational cultures. These barriers perpetuate stereotyping and associate disability with low productivity. Conversely, telework emerges as a highly effective technological and organizational facilitator that eliminates physical transportation and infrastructure obstacles, promoting employee autonomy and flexible schedules. Furthermore, integrating this inclusive framework into Occupational Health and Safety Management Systems (OHSMS) through tailored ergonomic assessments (ROSA, REBA, OCRA) and continuous epidemiological surveillance proves essential to ensure safe, sustainable, and dignified employment. Ultimately, telework combined with strong corporate social responsibility strategies bridges the gap between legal mandates and effective workplace inclusion. Keywords: telework labor inclusion, reduced mobility, physical disability, Occupational Health and Safety Management System (OHSMS), reasonable adjustments.
Diseño de un protocolo de intervención psicosocial para la prevención y manejo del estrés laboral en los trabajadores de una granja avícola ubicada en el municipio de San Gil, Santander
(Universidad Santo Tomás, 2026-08-25) Paez Brito, Gisella Yelidsa; Reyes Duarte, Sonia Astrid; Universidad Santo Tomas
The objective of this work was to structure a psychosocial intervention protocol to prevent and manage occupational stress among the personnel of La Palma Poultry Farm, located in San Gil, Santander, and to integrate it into the management of psychosocial risks within the Occupational Safety and Health Management System (SG-SST). To achieve this, psychosocial risk factors were characterized, organizational and task-related conditions associated with occupational stress were analyzed, and an intervention route was developed with promotion, prevention, monitoring, and evaluation measures. The methodology included a documentary review of the SG-SST, analysis of the consolidated results of the Battery of Instruments for the Assessment of Psychosocial Risk Factors, job analysis, integration of the collected information, tabulation and interpretation of results, and identification of gaps through a Problem Tree and Ishikawa Diagram. The results showed that intralabor risk was the main priority, with 70% of workers classified at high or very high risk levels. The most affected domain was Work Demands, associated with the accelerated production pace, pressure to meet goals, and intensity of the activities. The discussion established that high work demands, mental workload, repetitive tasks, production speed, and environmental conditions are relevant factors associated with occupational stress. As a conclusion, the “Pausa Consciente” (Mindful Pause) protocol was designed, consisting of practical psychosocial intervention strategies aimed at the preventive management of occupational stress during periods of high production.
Análisis de la percepción del riesgo laboral en trabajadores de pequeñas empresas del sector metalmecánico en la localidad de Puente Aranda, Bogotá
(Universidad Santo Tomás, 2026-08-25) Gómez Puentes, Ivonne Katherin; Cañas Afanador, Stephany; Universidad Santo Tomas
This study aimed to analyze occupational risk perception among workers in small metalworking companies found in Puente Aranda, Bogotá, to compare workers’ subjective perception with the actual exposure conditions observed in their production processes. A quantitative, non experimental, cross-sectional, and descriptive study was conducted using a risk perception instrument and direct non-participant observation of working conditions. The sample consisted of 34 workers, and 25 work situations were assessed, resulting in 850 risk assessment records. The findings showed an average worker age of 43 years and an average job tenure of 19 years. The main activities observed were machining, welding, cutting, assembly, and machinery operation. About occupational safety conditions, 55.9% of workers reported affiliation with an occupational risk insurance provider, while only 5.9% reported having received occupational safety and health training. Although 100% of the workers reported receiving personal protective equipment, 76.5% indicated that the replacement or delivery period exceeded 12 months. About risk perception, workers identified 46.2% of the assessed situations as present; however, objective observation identified the presence of 62.0% of the situations, revealing a gap of 15.8 percentage points. Likewise, the average perceived risk level was lower than the observed real risk level, with an average perceived risk level of 99.53 compared to an observed real risk level of 125.00. The most underestimated hazards were welding fumes and metal dust inhalation, awkward postures, contact with moving machine parts, same-level falls, and exposure to chemical substances. The study concludes that there is a significant gap between workers’ subjective perception and the objective risk conditions observed in the workplace. This gap may be related to hazard normalization, long work experience, limited occupational safety training, and insufficient recognition of effective controls. These findings highlight the need to strengthen preventive management, training, supervision, timely delivery of personal protective equipment, and the implementation of technical and administrative controls in small metalworking companies.
Diseño del Sistema de Seguridad y Salud en el Trabajo bajo la resolución 0312 de 2019 para Lawyers Associated Corporation S.A.S
(Universidad Santo Tomás, 2026-08-25) Sanchez Guasca, Vanesa; Bautista Navarro, Monica Zulma; Pardo Alza, Leimar Edimer; Universidad santo Tomás
The purpose of this consultancy project was to design the Occupational Health and Safety Management System (OHSMS) for Lawyers Associated Corporation S.A.S., in accordance with the minimum standards established in Resolution 0312 of 2019. The project arose from the need to strengthen compliance with current Colombian occupational health and safety regulations and to provide the organization with a structured documentary framework that facilitates the future implementation of the system while contributing to the prevention of occupational hazards. A qualitative approach with a descriptive scope was adopted, using the Plan-Do-Check- Act (PDCA) cycle as the methodological framework. Initially, a diagnosis of the company's current occupational health and safety conditions was conducted through interviews, document review, and the application of the self-assessment of minimum standards, which made it possible to identify existing gaps in relation to legal requirements. Based on the results obtained, the necessary documents, procedures, formats, programs, and records corresponding to the applicable standards were designed, covering the areas of resources, training, integrated management of the system, occupational health management, hazard identification and risk control, emergency management, system verification, and continuous improvement. As a result of this consultancy, the company now has a structured documentary proposal aligned with the provisions of Decree 1072 of 2015 and Resolution 0312 of 2019. This proposal provides the foundation for the gradual implementation of the Occupational Health and Safety Management System. The project highlighted the importance of proper documentary planning in strengthening regulatory compliance, promoting a preventive safety culture, and establishing the basis for the continuous improvement of working conditions within the organization.
Diseño de un programa de vigilancia epidemiológica de riesgo psicosocial en la empresa energiza ingeniería eléctrica y comunicaciones s.a.s. en Bogotá D. C.
(Universidad Santo Tomás, 2026-08-25) Pineda Rodríguez, Angee Paola; Merchán Merchán, Laura Camila; Hernández Martínez, Andrea Isabel; Cortes Zabala, Zuly Janeth; Universidad Santo Tomás
Abstract The present project has as its main objective the design of a Psychosocial Risk Epidemiological Surveillance Program for the company Energiza Ingeniería Eléctrica y Comunicaciones S.A.S., dedicated to providing services in the electrical sector. This project was developed under a descriptive qualitative approach, through which information was collected to implement actions for the identification, assessment, intervention, monitoring, and control of psychosocial risk factors within the organization, in accordance with Resolution 2646 of 2008, Resolution 2764 of 2022, and other applicable current regulations. It is essential that organizations assign due importance to this type of initiative in order to guarantee the protection of workers’ health, prevent occupational diseases, improve the organizational climate, increase productivity, and reduce turnover and absenteeism, among other benefits. Furthermore, compliance with legal and regulatory requirements contributes to strengthening the Occupational Health and Safety Management System (OHSMS) within organizations.
Cultura de autocuidado en enfermedades degenerativas incapacitantes en trabajadores del sector minero de explotación de carbón: revisión de alcance
(Universidad Santo Tomás, 2026-08-25) Cudris Pérez, Abril Danika; Méndez Silva, Solanye Katherine; Ardila Jaimes, Claudia Patricia; Universidad Santo Tomás
Coal mining is one of Colombia’s most important economic activities; however, exposure to physical, ergonomic, and chemical hazards contributes to the onset of degenerative diseases that impair workers’ health and ability to work. In this context, a culture of self-care plays a key role in strengthening the prevention of these diseases. The objective of this study was to analyze the culture of self-care in relation to the prevention of degenerative diseases among workers in the mining sector, based on available scientific evidence. A systematic review was conducted following the PRISMA-ScR methodology, involving a search of scientific databases, the application of eligibility criteria, and a documentary analysis of selected studies. The results showed that the most frequently reported self-care practices were training, health surveillance, active breaks, and healthy habits. Furthermore, it was found that the strengthening of a culture of self-care was related to organizational, individual, and sociocultural factors, including training in Occupational Safety and Health (OSH), risk perception, pressure for productivity, and leadership. The evidence also showed that the most effective strategies for supporting self-care are epidemiological surveillance, educational initiatives, ergonomic improvements, and strengthening occupational safety and health (OSH). It was concluded that a culture of self-care is a strategy for preventing disease by strengthening OSH and promoting preventive behaviors. On the other hand, there are gaps in knowledge regarding the influence of organizational and cultural factors, making it necessary to explore this topic further in future research.
Sistemas Integrados de Gestión y desempeño organizacional en la industria química colombiana (2022-2023): Revisión documental sobre la accidentalidad y el cumplimiento normativo.
(Universidad Santo Tomás, 2026-08-20) Pinto Anzueta, Alenyi Tatiana; Velandia Reyes, Adriana Carolina; Huérfano Benítez, Brayan Felipe; Pérez Martínez, Jairo Enrique; Universidad Santo Tomás
This study aimed to analyze the evidence reported in the literature regarding the relationship between the implementation of Integrated Management Systems (IMS) and organizational performance in the Colombian chemical industry during the 2022–2023 period, with emphasis on occupational accidents and regulatory compliance. The research was conducted through a descriptive scoping review aimed at identifying, classifying, and synthesizing academic studies, theses, and technical reports related to the integration of ISO 9001:2015, ISO 14001:2015, and ISO 45001:2018 standards in organizations within the chemical sector. The documentary search was carried out in academic databases and national and international institutional repositories, applying inclusion criteria related to the Colombian context, HSEQ management, and organizational performance. The reviewed literature suggests that the implementation of IMS may promote process standardization, strengthen legal compliance, and optimize indicators associated with occupational health and safety, environmental performance, and operational efficiency. Likewise, the analyzed studies report trends related to the reduction of workplace incidents, greater document traceability, and improvements in preventive chemical risk management. However, relevant barriers to the integration and sustainability of these systems were also identified, including economic limitations, lack of technical training, resistance to organizational change, and approaches focused solely on regulatory compliance. In this sense, the reviewed evidence allows Integrated Management Systems to be recognized as strategic tools that could contribute to strengthening competitiveness, sustainability, and preventive culture within the Colombian chemical industry.
Diseño del plan de mantenimiento preventivo y correctivo de motocargueros en una empresa dedicada al comercio de productos de uso agropecuario en Villavicencio, Meta
(Universidad Santo Tomás, 2026-08-19) Salazar Rodríguez, Angie Camila; Galán Navarro, Iván Eduardo; Universidad Santo Tomás
Vehicle maintenance in a workplace setting is essential for ensuring employee safety and the continuous operation of organizations. Accordingly, a preventive and corrective maintenance plan was developed for the Ceronte Tricargo 200 motorized tricycles used by the company under study a business primarily engaged in the marketing of agricultural products in Villavicencio, Meta in compliance with the standards of the Occupational Health and Safety Management System (SG-SST) and the Strategic Road Safety Plan established by Resolution 20223040040595 of 2022. The strategy employed was the PDCA (Plan-Do-Check-Act) cycle, involving a situational diagnosis based on document reviews and form analysis. Based on the results obtained and manufacturer specifications, a maintenance plan was developed that includes an initial break-in stage at 500 km, followed by scheduled regular maintenance at 2,000, 4,000, 6,000, 8,000, and 20,000 km. A vehicle service history record was also created to serve as a tool for monitoring and control. The deliverables of this project strengthen the organization's management system, enhance the safety of fleet operators, and assist employers in meeting their occupational health and safety and road safety obligations; furthermore, the project offers a methodological approach that can be replicated by other organizations within the region's agricultural and commercial sectors.
Diseño de un Manual de Seguridad y Salud en el Trabajo para la Gestión de Riesgos en el Laboratorio de Métodos y Tiempos de la Facultad de Ingeniería Industrial de la Universidad Santo Tomás, Seccional Bucaramanga.
(Universidad Santo Tomás, 2026-08-12) Mendez Suarez, Camilo Andres; Pardo Alza, Leimar Edimer; Universidad Santo Tomás
The objective of this consultancy was to develop an Occupational Health and Safety Manual focused on risk management for the Methods and Time Laboratory of the Faculty of Industrial Engineering at Universidad Santo Tomás, Bucaramanga Campus. To develop this manual, the occupational health and safety conditions of the laboratory were assessed through on-site inspections, data collection, and hazard identification using the methodology established in the Colombian Technical Guide (GTC 45). The results identified opportunities for improvement related to document management, the physical conditions of the laboratory, and the organization of Occupational Health and Safety information. Based on these findings, a manual tailored to the specific needs of the laboratory was developed, incorporating guidelines, procedures, safety standards, and supporting documentation to promote the safe performance of academic activities. In addition, an implementation roadmap supported by a findings matrix was designed to guide the review, approval, and monitoring of the proposed actions within the University's Occupational Health and Safety Management System. This document serves as a practical tool to strengthen risk management, promote continuous improvement, and contribute to the creation of safer academic environments.
Diseño de un programa de fortalecimiento de competencias en Seguridad y Salud en el Trabajo para el personal operativo de seguridad privada de la empresa Centuriones de Colombia, en Bogotá
(Universidad Santo Tomás, 2026-08-11) Mendoza Sarmiento, Laura Natalia; Martinez Ariza, Angelica Maria; Sampayo Chacón, Martha Paola; Salcedo Castro, Gustavo Adolfo; Universidad Santo Tomas
This competency-building program serves as a technical-operational response to the epidemiological and working-condition assessment conducted among the operational staff at Centuriones de Colombia. The evaluation revealed a marked prevalence of exposure to multifactorial risk factors, notably chronic biomechanical demands, environmental physical stressors, and psychosocial risk determinants. Scientific literature indicates that concurrent exposure to prolonged postures and mental overload accelerates the onset of musculoskeletal disorders and impairs cognitive performance
Condiciones ergonómicas de los puestos de trabajo y compromiso organizacional del personal administrativo de la Clínica Pajonal, del Municipio de Caucasia, Antioquia
(Universidad Santo Tomás, 2026-07-24) Otero Cordero, Daniela; Rodelo Suarez, Eligio Andrés; González Pabon, Liceth Alexandra; Universidad Santo Tomas
The purpose of this consultancy was to evaluate the ergonomic conditions of administrative workstations, identify the presence of musculoskeletal symptoms, and analyze associated organizational factors in order to formulate recommendations aimed at improving working conditions. The process was carried out using diagnostic tools that included sociodemographic characterization, ergonomic evaluation using the ROSA methodology, identification of musculoskeletal symptoms using the Nordic Questionnaire, and measurement of organizational commitment using the Meyer and Allen scale. The population evaluated consisted of sixteen administrative workers, predominantly female and aged between 31 and 40, with more than one year of service in most cases. The results showed that 87% of workers had medium to high levels of ergonomic risk, mainly associated with prolonged postures, inadequate chair height, and incorrect monitor placement. Likewise, a high prevalence of musculoskeletal discomfort was identified, especially in the neck and lower back, which was consistent with the risk factors detected. In contrast, the organizational results showed high levels of work engagement, a favorable factor for the implementation of improvements. Based on the findings, recommendations were made regarding furniture adjustments, workplace adaptations, and the implementation of active breaks.
La Seguridad 4.0: La evolución de la prevención
(Universidad Santo Tomás, 2026-07-24) Cuervo Figueredo, Nelson Fabian; Robayo Caycedo, Maria Jose; Florez Orejuela, Eduwin; Universidad Santo Tomás
This monograph analyzes Safety 4.0 as an evolution of traditional approaches to occupational risk prevention, driven by the integration of emerging technologies into industrial safety management. The study draws on a review of scientific and technical literature, aimed at two questions: which technologies dominate the field today, and how prevention methods are changing in digital production environments. The findings indicate that the Internet of Things (IoT), artificial intelligence, and data analytics expand monitoring capabilities and improve decision-making, while augmented reality supports the transition toward predictive and proactive prevention models. The results also point in a less optimistic direction. The successful implementation of Safety 4.0 does not depend on technology alone; its proper integration with organizational processes and human factors turns out to be equally decisive. These technologies offer significant opportunities to reduce occupational risk, yet they also bring challenges tied to change management and digital skills gaps. Beyond that, organizations face the need to operate within environments whose underlying logic differs substantially from the conventional one. Safety 4.0, then, emerges as a comprehensive approach that transforms occupational risk prevention and promotes safety systems aligned with the principles of Industry 4.0.
Factores de riesgo psicosociales asociados a los trastornos mentales y del comportamiento en trabajadores del sector salud: revisión de alcance (2019-2024)
(Universidad Santo Tomás, 2026-07-24) Garcia Sandoval, Karla Julieth; Rodríguez Vásquez, Natalia; Reyes Duarte, Sonia Astrid; Universidad Santo Tomás
The present study aimed to analyze psychosocial risk factors associated with mental and behavioral disorders in health workers, based on a review of scientific literature published between 2019 and 2024. We developed a scope review with an integrative approach, by consulting databases such as Dialnet, Redalyc, SciELO, and Google Académico, using descriptors in Spanish, 12 documents were selected, which meet the inclusion criteria, which were analyzed by means of coding and information organization processes using the ATLAS.ti software, supported in the construction of semantic networks. As a result, a total of 60 codes were identified: 33 related to psychosocial risk factors, highlighting emotional demands as the most relevant factor, 12 associated with mental disorders, with burnout syndrome being the most prevalent, followed by stress, 5 related to health sector professions, and 10 to intervention strategies, showing greater involvement in nursing staff. The findings indicate a relationship between psychosocial working conditions and the occurrence of mental disorders, in a context characterized by high emotional, cognitive, and organizational demands. Also, the need to integrate available scientific evidence is highlighted to strengthen the understanding of the phenomenon and guide decision-making in safety and health at work. Finally, psychosocial training methods and stress management techniques are identified as relevant intervention strategies for health professionals.
Desórdenes musculoesqueléticos en trabajadores bajo modalidad de teletrabajo: revisión de alcance sobre factores de riesgo y manifestaciones clínicas
(Universidad Santo Tomás, 2026-07-23) Cordoba Sanchez, Daila Catalina; Leon Peñuela, Ada Sandrith; Ardila Jaime, Claudia Patricia; Universidad Santo Tomas
This research aimed to analyze scientific evidence published between 2021 and 2025 on musculoskeletal disorders in teleworking, paying particular attention to biomechanical and organizational risk factors and ways to prevent them. To this end, 20 studies were analyzed from databases such as the Web of Science, Scopus, Redalyc, Dialnet, PubMed, and SciELO, selected according to clear inclusion criteria. The results showed that prolonged postures, the use of unsuitable furniture, and sedentary behavior were the most frequently reported biomechanical factors, primarily affecting the neck, lower back, and shoulders. Regarding organizational factors, work overload, lack of active breaks, and the absence of ergonomics training were the most commonly reported factors, which, combined with physical risks, exacerbate the problem. The recommendations were organized into three levels: what the worker can do, what the company must do, and what corresponds to the Occupational Health and Safety Management System, making it clear that no single measure is sufficient to solve the problem. It is concluded that musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) in teleworking are a problem with many causes that affect a large proportion of workers, therefore requiring comprehensive strategies to address it. Furthermore, more studies are still needed, especially in sectors other than administration and technology, and with long-term follow-up.
Diseño de un sistema de gestión en seguridad y salud en el trabajo bajo la estructura de la Resolución 0312 de 2019 de la empresa Ferroeléctricos Villegas en Tuluá, Valle del Cauca
(Universidad Santo Tomás, 2026-07-16) Badillo Trigos, Maria Andrea; Ibáñez Chinchilla, Mariana Alejandra; Villegas González, María Alejandra; Guzmán Rojas, Carlos Andrés; Universidad Santo Tomas
The objective of this consultancy was to design the Occupational Health and Safety Management System (OHSMS) for the company Ferroeléctricos Villegas, located in the municipality of Tuluá, Valle del Cauca, in accordance with the guidelines established in Resolution 0312 of 2019 and Decree 1072 of 2015. The project arose from the weaknesses identified during the initial diagnosis, which included deficiencies in the system's documentation, a lack of training programs, insufficient hazard identification, and low compliance with the minimum standards required by current regulations. Significant risks associated with the loading, unloading, storage, and handling of hardware materials were also identified. The methodology employed was developed under a descriptive and analytical approach, using tools such as self-assessment of minimum standards, the hazard identification and risk assessment matrix based on GTC 45 of 2012, gap analysis, and the PDCA cycle as a continuous improvement strategy. As a result, the basic documentation required for the Occupational Health and Safety Management System (OHSMS) was structured, priority risks present in operational activities were identified, and preventive actions were formulated to strengthen organizational management and legal compliance. Therefore, the system design contributes to improving working conditions, preventing accidents and occupational illnesses, strengthening a culture of prevention, and ensuring the company's organizational sustainability.

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