Estudio técnico para la valorización de residuos sólidos vegetales provenientes de la plaza de mercado san Francisco de Bucaramanga. (Estudio de caso)

Abstract

Market squares produce considerable volumes of waste which contribute significantly to air pollution, mainly by inadequate management of these, resulting in very high environmental impacts, as for example, involvement of air by odors offensive product of the decomposition of organic solid waste generation; visual pollution by the accumulation of waste in inappropriate places; water pollution by discharges to the sewerage system and especially by the percolation of the leachates generated and to a lesser extent but a significant influence on the health of key players (vendors, customers and human settlements located near the area of influence of the squares as well as landfills) and by excessive reproduction of animals that can transmit transmissible infectious diseases. The Carrasco landfill receives daily from 744,4 ton/day of 18 municipalities of Santander (Superintendency of services public home SSPD, 2015). On average 15.958 ton/month, they are generated by the Metropolitan Area, with a per capita of 0,9716 Kg/inhabitant-day production. The disposal of organic waste in the landfill is estimated at 88.18% of the total value, which a 33.33% are food residue and a good portion of these are waste of vegetable origin (Mayor of Bucaramanga, 2017). Daily approximately 70 tons of waste from the market places are arranged at the landfill the Carrasco (Vanguardia Liberal, 2015). Solid waste from plants that occur in the market places, come from debris of various kinds of fruits and vegetables, among others. The chemical composition of these biomolecules such as water, carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, vitamins and minerals are inside. Many of these residues have the potential to be reused in other production systems, for example, biorefineries.