Métodos químicos de descontaminación microbiana en superficies internas de piezas de alta rotación y sistema de alimentación hídrico de unidades dentales

Abstract

Introduction. In dental practices, cross-contamination is an important aspect of follow-up. This phenomenon establishes any contagion of microorganisms that may occur because of poor instrumental disinfection and/or aseptic malpractice, causing alterations in the patient's oral microbiota. and/or infection. In this way, it is important to establish the critical points of contamination that can be managed from praxis to avoid any complication, such as maintaining sterile material and good clinical practices. Among the most widely used substances for disinfection of high-speed hand pieces are glutaraldehyde 2% that acts against viruses, bacteria, and spores and ethanol 70% widely used for disinfection, however it is not used on living tissue as it can cause burns and/or irritation. Objective. To evaluate the effectiveness of 2% glutaraldehyde and 70% ethanol as disinfecting agents on high turnover parts and water supply systems of the dental units of the Santo Tomás de Floridablanca University clinic used in dental practice. Materials and methods. Two sterilized high-speed hand pieces were used and two dental units on the first and second floors of the Santo Tomás University dental clinics; the respective brain-heart infusion (BHI) and Sabouraud dextrose (SDA) agars supplemented with chloramphenicol 0.01% were prepared, two types of chemical agents were used, glutaraldehyde 2% and ethanol 70%. Results. High values of bacterial CFU were presented values greater than 1x103 in units and in hand pieces prior to disinfection with both chemical agents, on the contrary, fungal CFU values were lower. Additionally, it was observed that the levels of bacterial and fungal CFU decrease after disinfection when using any of the two chemical agents PosG and PosE, despite the fact that the fungal CFU values do not have a notable difference between Pre and Post since prior to disinfection these values are low, these results were obtained by culturing the samples in Petri dishes with the corresponding agars. Conclusion. It was observed that glutaraldehyde is less effective for the elimination of fungi in the water system of dental units due to the type of material, but alcohol is more effective than glutaraldehyde in the elimination and inactivation of fungi. However, a high efficacy of glutaraldehyde and alcohol was observed for the elimination and inactivation of bacteria.