Prevalencia de factores de riesgo comportamentales asociados a enfermedades crónicas no transmisibles en ciclomontañistas aficionados de Bucaramanga y su área metropolitana, 2021

Abstract

According to the World Health Organization (WHO), Noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) kill 41 million people every year. The main types of NCDs are cardiovascular disease, cancer, chronic respiratory diseases (such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and asthma), and diabetes. The WHO has established four behavioral risk factors associated with the development of NCDs: physical inactivity, smoking, harmful use of alcohol and unhealthy diet. Mountain biking is a fast and exciting adventure sport with an increasing number of participants. Studies that describe the prevalence of behavioral risk factors in amateur cyclists in Bucaramanga and its metropolitan area are scarce or nonexistent. Objective: To analyze the prevalence of behavioral risk factors associated with chronic non-communicable diseases in mountain bike riders from Santander. Descriptive cross-sectional study carried out in 192 amateur cyclists (159 men 33 women), with a mean age of 40.16 years (SD: 11.73), residents of the Department of Santander, with a minimum practice time of six months. The variables were analyzed in measures of central tendency or frequencies according to their nature. To collect the information, the Basic Questionnaire of the WHO STEPS Instrument was used, which was applied through the direct interview method. Informed consent was required from study participants. Most of the participants reported a medium socioeconomic level (74.83%), a married / common-law marriage status (54.30%) and a professional / postgraduate academic level (51.65%). 96.03% of the participants comply with the WHO world physical activity recommendations. Regarding harmful habits, 24.50% and 5.30% presented harmful consumption of alcohol and smoking, respectively. Regarding the low consumption of fruits and vegetables, 98.68% reported a lower consumption than recommended by the WHO (5 servings of fruits and vegetables per day). Of four possible behavioral risk factors, the mean of the study population was 1.32 (SD: 0.57). The behavioral risk factor with the highest prevalence was low consumption of fruits and vegetables, followed by harmful alcohol consumption and smoking. Physical inactivity is the risk factor with the lowest prevalence. It is recommended to implement strategies to increase the consumption of fruits and vegetables in the study population.