Políticas Públicas Sobre Salud Mental en el Siglo XXI: un Análisis Comparado Entre Colombia, Caldas y Bogotá

Abstract

Public Policy on Mental Health in Colombia presents challenges, especially in terms of implementation due to the complex panorama of the Health System and the increase in demand. In the academic review on the production around comparison Public Policies in Mental Health, a limited and insufficient production, was evidenced to understand the dynamics of this problem. The purpose of this research is to know and analyze the Public Policies of Colombia, Caldas, and Bogotá on Mental Health based on the components of the instruments elaborated in the 21st century to reflect on the challenges in implementing this set of state initiatives. For the development of the comparative analysis, firstly, a referential framework was elaborated that included normative, conceptual, and historical elements about Mental Health and Public Policies. Secondly, a qualitative collection and analysis were carried out, with a descriptive scope, whose purpose was to identify the most significant similarities within the Public Policies. This article is original due to the comparative approach of three Public Policies that analyze and propose solutions in the field of Mental Health in Colombia. As findings of this investigation, it was evidenced that in the three Policies, approaches such as Human Rights, differential, territorial, gender, and social are used; Likewise, these three policies combine efforts in terms of prevention, treatment, and rehabilitation from the pillars of integrity and social inclusion. While, in terms of differences, each Policy proposes an emphasis on institutional efforts and the challenges of the context.