Modelo para la asignación de víctimas de desastre a puntos de valoración médica, considerando diferentes lesiones y probabilidades de supervivencia en Bucaramanga

Abstract

Among the humanitarian activities, there is the management of disaster victims, from their search and rescue , until they are safeguarded in shelters , as well as the allocation of different types of resources . Once a disaster occurs, victims are generated with different levels of injury that must be removed from the disaster area and taken to facilities where they are assessed according to the Triage (patient selection and classification system in the emergency services), to later decide if they should be relocated to specialized health facilities. With the objective of maximizing the number of survivors among those rescued from a disaster area, this investigation addresses an allocation problem, in which it is necessary to decide at which valuation point to send the rescued, and according to Triage, to which facility Health must be sent to be treated on time; considering the probability of survival, which decreases in a linear manner with the time that elapses since the victim is rescued until he receives treatment. Therefore, a review of literature related to the problems of allocation in disaster management is carried out. Subsequently, a mathematical model is formulated that describes the study problem, which is solved by constructing a genetic algorithm. To validate the algorithm, a disaster scenario is designed for the city of Bucaramanga, for which an emergency network is built, which includes hospitals, its installed capacity and disaster zones; The network allows to establish the distance and time between the different attention nodes. At the end of the investigation it is expected to obtain the appropriate allocation of those affected to the different hospital facilities, considering the level of their injuries and their probability of survival.