Efectos de fuerzas dinámicas aplicadas por equipos de construcción sobre suelos blandos de la sabana de Bogotá

Abstract

The soil dynamics as a physic science of geotechnical engineering that studies problems arising from dynamic vibratory forces. This investigation analyzes these forces through the wave transmission through the soil as porous medium, focusing on waves produced by machinery and equipment used in civil engineering construction process that could conduce to a soil properties affectation and a possible collapse of them produced by frequency content similarity by both elements. This article is based on the study of dynamic properties of natural soil through resonant column tests, submitting a specimen of soil to forced vibratory status through torsional forces, varying the excitation frequency to know resonance frequency and compares to maximum frequency vibration of machines and equipment commonly used in construction. For development of this investigation it chooses a study zone located in Tenjo, Cundinamarca, Colombia, where two perforations were made with maximum depth of 6m through SPT and thin wall shelby tube sampler. According to Colombian geological service the study zone corresponds in them characterization to Q1-I type, classified as a deposit of the Phanerozoic aeon of the Cenozoic era in the Quaternary period composed by soft clays and organic soil with sand content and thin levels of gravel which are locally layers of diatomites. To seismic characterization of study zone is having in mind seismic threat graphic present in title A of NSR-10, where is possible to appreciate that study point is located in an intermediate seismic threat zone. Considering that the analysis object of this investigation is the study of a soil type present in the “Sabana de Bogotá” characterized as soft fat clay with high plasticity (CH) and mineral content as illite, kaolinite and montmorillonite. A study was made based on the response of the soil to imposed dynamic loads, which determined some patterns of typical behavior that it presents, this in order to generate interest and awareness within the professional association of civil engineering, thus leading to the prevention of possible unforeseen that cause negative consequences in future constructions.