Prevalencia de enfermedad periodontal en la población colombiana: revisión bibliográfica

Abstract

Objective: Determine the prevalence of periodontal disease in colombian population, analyze risk factors and disease characteristics reported in literature. Materials and methods: A narrative review of literature, in which electronic bibliographic information sources were consulted like : Pubmed, Scielo, Dentistry & Oral, plus books, magazines and information dental health ministery in Colombia; the electronic data were obtained in the first phase of data collection 36 items, then 16 items were eliminated and finally were elected 20 articles that have the required specifications, the selected books are 4, dental magazines 10 and information of the health ministery 3 to finally obtain 37 sources that have the parameters required for this literature review. Results: In Colombia the prevalence of periodontal disease has been evaluated through studieds by the National Ministry of Health, the first studied was in 1965, in which the disease occurred in 88.7% of the Colombian population and for the year 1977-1980 the percentage of citizens who showed any signs of periodontal disease increased to 94.7%, although the severity of the disease was also reduced. In 1998 ENSAB III reported that 50.2% of the Colombian population has periodontal disease reflecting a different situation to that reported in 1977-1980, when it was stated that 94.7% of the population had periodontal disease in some of its phases. The explanation for this difference is mainly based on the changes that occurred in the parameters that define the disease and method of diagnosis in the early 80's. Finally the Ministery of Health and Social Protection presented the Fourth National Study of Oral Health (ENSAB IV) between 2013 and 2014 in which it was reported that 73% of the Colombian population had some stage of periodontal disease, however most are minor injuries that can decrease with timely care Conclusions: in Colombia in the last 20 years periodontal disease has been increasing, the increase of patients with this condition is considered to be related to the quality of life of the population and health determinants also risk factors are key and fundamental for the development of periodontal diseases, proper handling or timely intervention stops the progression of the disease, but this is achieved with an interdisciplinary management and drastic changes in lifestyle.