Autodeterminación de los Pueblos en Perspectiva Constitución al Comparada: Aporte a la Paz y Gobernabilidad Global

Abstract

This research delves into the significance of the right to self-determination of peoples in contemporary states and how it contributes to the central objective, which is to assess the impact of this right on global governance, considering a blend of historical, political, and social factors that have shaped its evolution. To carry out this examination, a qualitative and constant comparative methodology was adopted, focusing on the exploration of the platform of the National Congress Library of Chile (BCN) over the extensive period from 1917 to 2019 and the analysis of 39 constitutions from around the world. This review allowed for the identification of the application of the right to self-determination of peoples for three essential purposes: i. The establishment of self-determination in seven states seeking independence from dominant European states, such as East Timor, Angola, South Africa, etc., ii. Six states seeking self-determination through the consolidation of their own state through secession, a situation that occurred in various geographical areas of the world but was more pronounced in the states that made up the USSR, such as Latvia, Ukraine, Croatia, etc., and iii. Twenty-six states seeking stable peace, as they are fully formed states seeking to improve conditions for their governance, such as Mexico, France, Colombia, Russia, etc. In this group, the State of Palestine is analyzed, which, despite not being fully recognized, was granted by the UN the ability to shape its own constitution. Thus, through the analysis of the right to self-determination of peoples, a contribution is made to global governance that strengthens participation in territories.