Análisis de las Comunidades Rurales Campesinas como Víctimas Consecuenciales del Conflicto Armado en Colombia

Abstract

This monograph analyzes the impact of the armed conflict on rural peasant communities in Colombia, highlighting their condition as historically invisible victims. It identifies the main causes of the conflict, such as territorial control by illegal armed groups, illicit economies, the use of landmines, and violence against social leaders. These factors have led to forced displacement, land dispossession, poor access to health and education, food insecurity, and social fragmentation that deepens rural exclusion. Drug trafficking, as a central driver of the conflict, has forced peasants into dependent economic activities, while also exposing them to stigma, criminalization, and targeted violence. This has weakened their autonomy and increased their vulnerability. Despite these challenges, rural communities have developed processes of resistance and resilience through solidarity-based economic networks and the defense of their territories. From a legal perspective, the Constitutional Court has moved from a humanitarian approach to recognizing peasants as political subjects with special constitutional protection, including rights to land, participation, and full reparation. The study concludes that transforming the reality of rural communities requires effective public policies, a strong and consistent state presence, and comprehensive rural development as key foundations for social justice and lasting peace.