Factores socioeconómicos asociados al trabajo informal en Latinoamérica: Revisión de alcance

Abstract

Occupational health and safety (OHS) for informal workers represents a significant challenge, as this sector, characterized by a lack of regulation and legal protection, is exposed to multiple occupational hazards without access to prevention services or social security systems. The article analyzes the conditions under which they carry out their activities, highlighting the socioeconomic aspects involved. The study was conducted through an analytical documentary review, focusing on identifying the socioeconomic factors associated with informal work in Latin America. To this end, an exhaustive search of scientific articles published between 2015 and 2025 was conducted in databases such as PubMed, Scopus, Scielo, and Web of Science, using search engines in Spanish and English. One of the most relevant findings of the study was that informal work in Latin America primarily affects people between the ages of 19 and 29 and those over 50, due to a lack of experience or exclusion from the formal market due to economic or technological changes. Men were observed to be more involved in informal activities, while women tend to be more involved in unpaid care work. Informal work in Latin America is linked to poverty, low education, and social exclusion. Although there are strategies to address it, more contextualized public policies are needed. Strengthening Occupational Safety and Health (OSH) systems is key. This reduces vulnerability and improves quality of life. It also fosters a more equitable and sustainable economy.