Modelo de red híbrida FO–RF para la expansión de conectividad rural entre Palogordo (punto troncal) y Chocoita (sitio de implementación): diseño, implementación y validación técnica en convenio con la empresa Reito

Abstract

This document presents a graduation project that describes the design and implementation of a hybrid telecommunications network combining radio frequency and fiber optics to provide reliable internet access in the rural area of Chocoita, located in the municipality of Girón, Santander. This region faces physical access limitations, lack of telecommunications infrastructure, and an unmet demand for essential digital services. The project identified key technical, logistical, and regulatory challenges related to rural connectivity, such as rugged topography, high underground deployment costs, and the absence of traditional service providers. To address these issues, a hybrid network architecture was deployed, using radio frequency links for the backbone and aerial fiber optics installed on both metal and concrete poles for local distribution. Part of the supporting infrastructure leveraged for the deployment belongs to the concession of Iluminación San Juan de Girón, a company operating under agreement with the Girón Mayor’s Office. This allowed cost reduction and optimization in certain segments, while the installation of new poles in critical areas extended the fiber network from Chocoita to Palogordo, ensuring continuity, safety, and technical support for the cabling. The methodology included topographic surveys, permit management, pole installation, fiber optic deployment, fusion splicing, and network performance testing. It also covered service activation, user terminal installation, and community training for basic network operation and maintenance. Finally, a theoretical and regulatory framework was integrated, along with a budget estimate, work schedule, and an analysis of the social, technical, and economic impact of the project. The results demonstrate the technical and socio-economic feasibility of hybrid models for digital inclusion, offering a replicable and scalable solution for rural connectivity in similar contexts across the country.