Impacto del desarrollo y desafíos de la globalización en las comunidades indígenas del amazonas en Perú y Colombia en el contexto de la conservación cultural y territorial

Abstract

This study analyzes the impact of development and globalization on indigenous communities in the Amazon, with a comparative focus on Peru and Colombia. It centers on territorial conservation and reforestation practices, evaluating how state policies and international pressures influence the management of the Amazon rainforest and the preservation of indigenous cultures. Based on sustainable development theories (Echeverri, 2009) and the effects of globalization (Ulloa, 2004), the work aims to identify key dynamics affecting these communities. The research is developed through a documentary and bibliographic analysis, utilizing secondary sources that include government reports, academic studies, and data from non-governmental organizations. This methodology enabled the examination of conservation policy implementation and the outcomes of reforestation programs in both regions. The comparative analysis reveals patterns in the adoption of sustainable practices and the relationship of communities with external actors. The results show significant differences: in Peru, state support has facilitated the integration of reforestation programs, whereas in Colombia, territorial conflicts and the lack of recognition of indigenous rights limit these efforts (Gómez, 2010; García, 2021). Despite these differences, globalization has had ambivalent effects in both countries, providing access to resources and technologies while also intensifying rainforest exploitation. The study concludes that environmental sustainability in the Amazon depends on strengthening the autonomy of indigenous communities and ensuring the recognition of their territorial rights. Only through this approach will it be possible to promote effective conservation and sustainable reforestation in the face of development and globalization pressures.