Propuesta metodológica para gestionar los riesgos de corrupción en las universidades de Colombia

Abstract

The impact that corruption and bribery have had on economies, companies, and people has made states, government entities, and society in general interested in confronting this scourge. In this framework, the states try to draft severe laws, as well as participate in the elaboration of more demanding international agreements. However, this has not been enough. In this sense, organizations responsible and committed to preventing bribery and corruption should go beyond the law and demonstrate their commitment to a culture of compliance, integrity, transparency and honesty in the prevention of crimes in general and in the fight against crime. particular bribery. (Maria & Salvador, 2019). Corruption in Colombia has had a significant impact on the public and private sectors, in its different forms: bribery, fraud, theft, deception, patronage, conflicts of interest, administrative mismanagement, collusion, among others. The educational sector, and especially the universities, have not been immune to this phenomenon; it is enough to turn on the radio, television or take a look at social networks to find a large number of cases associated with corruption scandals, in which different universities in the country have been involved, which denotes the inexistence of an effective and efficient system capable of guaranteeing transparency in the development of the activities carried out there (academic, administrative and financial). In the development of this work, an exploratory bibliographic review of texts was carried out, in search of publications associated with corruption in higher education. In turn, the corrupt practices that occur in universities at a national and international level were characterized, classifying them into four dimensions: i) corruption in the recruitment and admission processes, ii) dishonesty and/or academic fraud, iii) administrative fraud and financial and iv) others. Next, the way to address these practices by the institutions was diagnosed, finding different tools used, such as procedures, codes, instructions, guides, matrices, policies, manuals, among others. Finally, a methodological tool was designed, which proposes three stages to manage the risk of corruption in universities in Colombia: i) risk determination, ii) risk identification and evaluation, iii) risk treatment and improvement actions, and establishes different mechanisms to manage them, in such a way as to reduce their probability of occurrence.