Determinación de la actividad larvicida de aceites esenciales, pertenecientes a ocho familias de especies botánicas, frente al Aedes aegypti

Abstract

Dengue, Chikungunya and Zika are listed epidemic diseases common in tropical and subtropical regions, transmitted by mosquito Aedes aegypti, Diptera species of Culicidae family. The elimination of breeding and vector control are the main strategies to reduce both the mosquito population as continuing spread of the virus. To control this insect have developed various research focused on the search for new natural products, with larvicide and insecticide activity, less harmful to human health and the means ambiente.38-40 The study of the possible applications of essential oils as environmental alternatives for the control of Aedes aegypti, responsible for the transmission of diseases such as dengue, chikungunya, and now the zika, is performed in the Bio-Red-CoCenivam through program financed by Colciencias: "Bioprospecting and development of natural ingredients for the cosmetic, pharmaceutical and hygiene products based on Colombian biodiversity". In this project the larvicidal activity of twenty essential oils from plants of the families Verbenaceae, Labiatae, Asteraceae, Fabaceae, Poaceae, Piperaceae, Turneraceae and Myrtaceae is determined against the mosquito Aedes aegypti, for which curves lethality of these were obtained oils. Those who exhibited better activity were: Piper medium with LC50 24.9 ppm, Piper holtonii with an LC50 25.7 ppm, Calea sessiliflora with a CL50 of 28.3 ppm, Piper cf. Subflavum with an LC50 29.9 ppm and finally Turnera diffusa with an LC50 30.4 ppm. Finally the larvicidal activity was compared with the results obtained for the reference compounds such as temephos with 0.013 ppm LC50 and LC50 of chlorpyrifos with 0.021 ppm. The values of 2 for both essential oils and reference compounds proved highly significant on mortalities obtained, considering that are within a range of 0.13 to 1.45 according to the degrees of freedom and level interval confianza. This work is part of the project "Chemical modification of major components and essential oils for the search for new antioxidants and insect repellents." (Code: 550754331904. Contract No. RC-0572-201). The studied essential oils were supplied by CENIVAM, which were obtained from medicinal and aromatic plants collected in different parts of the country. "This biological resource and its derivative products was supplied by the Colombian State through access to genetic resources and derived products for scientific research purposes bioprospecting No. 101 between the Ministry of Environment and Sustainable Development and the Union Contract temporary Bio-Red-CO-CENIVAM ".