Comportamiento biomecánico de la unidad dentoalveolar (UDA) de un incisivo central bajo un tratamiento de ortodóntico, utilizando arcos de NiTi y NiTiCu: simulación 3D mediante elementos finitos

Abstract

In the orthodontics treatment is possible to find different pathologies at radicular and periodontal level, which can be intensified if no is used the adequate biomechanics. The orthodontics devices can produce large loads inside the UDA that cause a vascular occlusion and a cut in the blood supply to the periodontal ligament (PDL). In orthodontic treatments it is common the use of arches manufactured in Nitinol (NiTi) and NitiCopper (NiTiCu) as a source of generation of mechanical stimulus to produce orthodontic movements. In this investigation was determined what type of material for the arch (NiTi or NiTiCu) offers a better relationship between the mechanical stimulus and the biological response of the UDA. For this, an in-silico experiment can be done through the use of finite elements, modeling the orthodontic arches as a material with shape memory (SMA). The computational domain was obtained by computed tomography, differentiating each tissue present in the UDA; trabecular and cortical bone, tooth and PDL. As a result, was obtained the biomechanical behavior of the UDA and the stress field in the periodontal ligament and the alveolar bone, determining what type of material for the orthodontic arch decreased the risk of pathologies or incorrect orthodontic movements.